-return of cells membrane potential to resting potentil after depolarization - Answers -
✔✔ Repolarization
-1st deflection of cardiac cycle
-caused by depolarization of R & L atria - Answers -✔✔ P wave
-time from onset of atrial depol to the onset of ventricular depol
-measured from begining of the P wave as it leaves baseline to the begining of the QRS
complex
-WNL = 0.12 - 0.20 sec - Answers -✔✔ PR interval (PRI)
-represents depolar of the R & L ventricles
-larger than P wave bc depol of the ventricles involves a larger muscle mass than depol
of atria
-composed of 3 waves
1) Q - negative waveform
2) R - positive waveform
3) S - negative waveform
-measured from the beginning of the complex to the end
-WNL = 0.12 sec or less - Answers -✔✔ QRS complex
-point wher the QRS complex and ST segment meet - Answers -✔✔ J point
-represents early ventricular repolar
-flat line between the QRS complex and T wave
-normally positioned at baseline
-may be displaced above baseline (elevated) or below (depressed)
-abnormal when it is elevated or depressed 1 mm or more
-measured at a point 0.04 sec past the j point - Answers -✔✔ ST segment
Elevated or Depressed ST??
-horixontal, concave or convex
Elevated or Depressed ST???
-horizontal, downsloping, upsloping or sagging
-common causes include: myocardial ischemia, non Non STEMI, reciprocal ECG
changes associated with STEMI, hypokalemia, digitalis effect - Answers -✔✔
DEPRESSED
-common cause of depressed ST segement
-sagging st segment derpession
-scooped ou appearance - Answers -✔✔ Digitalis
-represents ventricular repolar
-begins as the deflection gradually slopes upward from the ST segment and ends when
the wave form returns to baseline
-normally rounded and slightly asymmetrical
-WNL = amplituede < 5 mm
-Abnormal = abnormally tall or low, flattened, biphasic or inverted
-always follows QRS complex (repolar always follows repolar)
-common causes: myocardial ischemia, acute MI, pericarditis, hyoperkalmeia,
ventricular enlargement, BBB and sucarachnoid hemorrhage (significant cerebral
disease) - Answers -✔✔ T wave
-represents the time between the onse of ventricular dpolar and the end of ventricular
repolar
-measured from the beinning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave
-should be less than half the R-R interval
-segment varies according to age, sex, and particularly HR
-more prolonged with slow heart rates
-vulnerable period is longer than usual and more susceptible to life threatening
arrhythmia - Answers -✔✔ QT interval
-is a small deflection sometimes seen following the T wave
-neither its presents or absences is considered abnormal
-represents late repolar of the ventricles, probably a small segment of the ventricles
-begins as the defelction leaves baselin and ends when the deflection returns to
baseline
-normally small, rounded and symmetrical
-WNL < 2 mm
-can best be seen when HR is slow - Answers -✔✔ U wave
Five lead tele...
1) White
2) Black
, 3) Red
4) Green
5) Brown - Answers -✔✔ 1) right arm
2) left arm
3) left leg
4) right leg
5) chest
****1-3 are placement for 3 lead tele****
-sinus dys
-rhythm: regular
-rate: 100 - 160 bpm
-P waves: upright, same shape
-one p wave precedes each QRS complex
-PR interval: normal (0.12 - 0.20 sec)
-QRS complex: Normal (.010 sec or less)
-QT: normal
-CAUSES:
1. exertion
2. fever, infection
3. hypoxia, hypovolemia
4. pain
5. anxiety
6. stimulants - caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine
-decreased CO
-TREATMENT
1. benign in healthy people
2. treat underlying cause - Answers -✔✔ Sinus Tachy
-gold std
-rhythm: regular
-rate: 60-100 bpm
-P waves: upright, same shape
-one P wave precedes each QRS complex
-PR interval: Normal (0.12 to 0.20 sec)
-QRS complex: normal (0.10sec or less) - Answers -✔✔ Normal Sinus
-sinus dys
-rhythm: regular
-rate: 40 to 60 bpm
-P wave: upright, same shape
-one P wave precedes each QRS complex
-PR interval: Normal (0.12 to 0.20 sec)
-QRS complex: normal (0.10 sec or less)
-CAUSES
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