Intro to Criminal Justice cumulative test study guide With Absolute Questions And Answers.
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What is the name of the power-sharing system of government adopted by the US in which individual states are permitted to enact laws that reflect the values of their inhabitants? - correct answer federalism
which concept holds that criminal law is shaped by th...
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Intro to Criminal Justice cumulative test
study guide
What is the name of the power-sharing system of government adopted by the US in which individual
states are permitted to enact laws that reflect the values of their inhabitants? - correct answer
federalism
which concept holds that criminal law is shaped by the communal values of a society and is designed to
set the boundaries for acceptable behavior within that society? - correct answer the
consensus model
which argument best summarizes the position of those who oppose state laws that legalize the sale and
possession of small amounts of marijuana for personal use? - correct answer such
laws fail to protect society from the harms caused by marijuana use
a criminal justice professional's ability to rely on discretion when making on-the-job decisions means
that he or she ______ - correct answer is able to use his or her personal judgement
when the formal rules allow for one or more possible choices
a crime is a wrong against society that is - correct answer proclaimed by law
why does the informal criminal justice system NOT always benefit from measured, rational discretionary
decision making? - correct answer individual judgment can be tainted by personal
bias or erroneous or irrational thinking
the moral principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong make up that person's -
correct answer ethics
which of the following is true of critical thinking? - correct answer it is required for
an ethical response
,which of the following is true of the due process model? - correct answer it places
primary emphasis on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of the government
approaches or strategies that have been extensively researched and shown consistently to produce the
desired outcomes are known as - correct answer evidence-based practices
when one person physically attacks another, it is known as _______. When someone merely leads
another to believe that he or she will be physically harmed, it is known as ______. - correct answer
batter; assault
why are public order crimes sometimes referred to as victimless crimes? - correct answer
they often harm only the offender
what is the main difference between white-collar crime and organized crime? - correct answer
while both white-collar crime and organized crime involve illegal activity to obtain a business advantage,
only in organized crime are those illegal acts also committed by illegal organizations
which of the following is NOT one of the three measurements on which the FBI and local law
enforcement agencies base their information in compiling the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)? - correct
answer historical statistical crime data
the UCR attempts to measure the overall rate of crime in the US by organizing - correct answer
offenses known to law enforcement
The UCR divides the criminal offenses it measures into two major categories. Part I offenses are those
crimes that, due to their seriousness and frequency, are recorded by the FBI to give general idea of the
"crime picture" in the US. What are part II offenses? - correct answer all crimes
recorded by the FBI that do not fall into the category of part I offenses
self-reported surveys provide us information on crimes in what way? - correct answer
they report criminal acts (detected or not) that were perpetrated by the survey taker.
What is the "dark figure of crime"? - correct answer the actual amount of crime that
takes place
, why are self-reported surveys most useful in juvenile facilities or a prison? - correct answer
the group to be studied is already gathered in an institutional setting
which of the following is not one of the 4 contributing factors that James Alan Fox uses to explain the
recent trend toward declining violent crime rates? - correct answer a healthier
economy, especially within inner cities
why might an aging population be a contributing factor to a declining violent crime rate? - correct
answer older Americans are less likely to be violent criminals
which of the following did sociologist Ruth D. Peterson's research project reveal about violent crime
rates in the neighborhoods of Columbus, Ohio? - correct answer higher levels of
disadvantage within neighborhoods were linked to higher violent crime rates, but the ethnic or racial
makeup of neighborhoods were not
which of the following can best be defined as an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is
based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning? - correct answer theory
when 2 variables tend to vary together, what is said to exist between them? - correct answer
correlation
in the process of the scientific method, which of the following is true of theories and hypotheses? -
correct answer there must be a hypothesis before there can be an accepted theory
according to the rational choice theory, when is a person likely to commit a crime? - correct answer
when the perceived benefits are greater than the potential costs
when scientists study ancestral or evolutionary developments, they are engaging in a branch of biology
that deals with traits that are passed from one generation to another through genes. This is the study of
- correct answer genetics
Sociologist Jack Katz suggests that the rewards of crime may not only be financial, they may be - correct
answer sensual
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