ANS 315 quiz 1 All Answers Correct
Three major components of a mammalian cell? ️1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus
What cell is an exception? why? ️Red blood cells because they are small in shape and their main
function in the body is to carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin, they ...
Three major components of a mammalian cell? ✔️1. plasma membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus
What cell is an exception? why? ✔️Red blood cells because they are small in shape and their main
function in the body is to carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin, they don't have enough capacity to carry a
nucleus (do not contain DNA or can synthesize any RNA)
*their structure and their function is the main reason why RBC are the exception*
Plasma membrane characteristics ✔️
average chemical composition? ✔️50% lipid
40% protein
10% carbohydrate
the plasma membrane has three total layers called the? ✔️lipid bilayer
lipid bilayer ✔️a. polar (hydrophilic) molecules on the outer surface that contacts the extracellular
matrix/fluid and on the inner surface that contacts the cytoplasm of the cell
b. apolar (non-polar, hydrophobic, lipid) molecules between the two layers of polar. Thus, lipid is a
central core of a plasma membrane sandwiched between two layers of protein
what are intrinsic proteins? ✔️- receptors for regulators of cellular function, such as hormones.
- generally penetrate the thickness of plasma membrane and extend from outside to inside of a cell
,osmoregulation of the plasma membrane? ✔️it is for the cytoplasm and the nucleus
Plasma membrane funcitons ✔️
determines the shape of the cell ✔️contains *cholesterol*, adjusts the fluidity and flexibility of the
membrane
What part of the plasma membrane helps provide flexibility? ✔️cholesterol (transmembrane proteins)
regulatory functions ✔️hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic regions determine most
permeability characteristics to water, gas, molecules
protective functions ✔️water impermeable barrier. prevents simple diffusion of water soluble particles
and molecules.
Maintains homeostasis- body temp, gases, glucose, concentration, etc.
Interactions ✔️environment and adjacent cells. exterior proteins are variable among cells, allowing
functional differences between cells.
Plasma membrane is approximately half what? ✔️lipid
plasma membrane helps maintain what and keep what in the body? ✔️helps maintain homeostasis and
helps keep osmotic in the body
carbohydrate chain in the plasma membrane helps do what? ✔️helps provide identity badge for the
cell to help other molecules in the body to recognize what type of cell it is and whether it belongs or is
foreign
, intrinsic proteins (PM) ✔️on exterior or transmembrane
extrinsic proteins (PM) ✔️bound to surface of membrane (not embedded), most are on the inside of
the cell, often bound to intrinsic protein
Nucleus ✔️
the outer boundary of nucleus- bilayer composition like the plasma membrane? ✔️nuclear membrane
granules rich with RNA- site of synthesis of ribosomes for *protein synthesis* ✔️Nucleolus
diverse molecules including, but not limited to:
-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
-Histonal protein
-non-histonal protein
(helps provide the double helix structure of DNA) ✔️chromatin
DNA wrapped around histonal protein ✔️nucleosome
nucleotides are linked covalently to form what? ✔️DNA
for example, ATGC
Segments of DNA form functional unites called? ✔️genes
what are the synthetic products of genes? ✔️DNA and mRNA
"DNA synthesis" is necessary for cell division ✔️DNA
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