ARCH 250 - Exam 2024/2025 with 100% correct answers
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What is the Counter-Reformation and what role does it play in the development of the arts in 16th century Catholic churches? correct answers1517: Martin Luther nails ninety-five theses (protests against the Catholic hierarchy) to the door of All Saint's Church, leading to the Protestant Reformation...
What is the Counter-Reformation and what role does it play in the development of the arts in 16th
century Catholic churches? correct answers1517: Martin Luther nails ninety-five theses (protests against
the Catholic hierarchy) to the door of All Saint's Church, leading to the Protestant Reformation.
1534: Henry VIII breaks with the Catholic Church in Rome, creates the Church of England with himself as
head of the Church.
1534: Catholic Church establishes the Society of Jesus, militant order established by Ignatius Loyola, the
Jesuits.
1545-63: Council of Trent and the contribution of art to the Catholic Church
Who built the Church of Il Gesù in Rome (patron and organization)? How can we tell, just by looking at
the façade? correct answersGiacomo Vignola started building, but was finished by Giacomo Della Porta.
Parton was Cardinal Allessandro Farnese. The façade has inscription of the frieze that acknowledges the
patronage.
What are some of the characteristics of Baroque Art and Architecture? correct answersOpenly
propagandistic, overtly emotional, and long on sensory appeal.
Didactic, theatrical, dynamic, and dramatic style.
What are some of the characteristics of the façade and the interior that belong to the Baroque style?
correct answersFaçade:
- Central portal with pairs of colossal Corinthian columns and pilasters, triangular and segmented
pediments, volutes link upper section with sides.
- Central coat of arms with IHS, a monogram of Christ and symbol of the Jesuits. Inscription on frieze
acknowledges patronage of Cardinal Farnese.
- Statues on either side depicting triumph of the faith.
,Interior:
- preference for axial and centralized spaces and the imaginative integration of painting, sculpture, and
architecture, to create illusions and dissolve physical boundaries.
What is significant about the location of the basilica of St. Peter in Rome, Italy? correct answersIt was
built over the tomb of St. Peter.
Why did the Pope decide to tear down the original church (St. Peter Basilica in Rome, Italy) and build a
new one? correct answersIt was falling apart.
Who are the principal architects involved in the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, and what did
each of them contribute to the finished basilica? correct answersSaint Peter (4th century)- old design.
Bramante (1506)- Cenral plan based on the Greek cross, but with thin walls.
Michelangelo (1546-1564)- Same central plan of the Greek cross, but with thicker walls, allowing for a
larger building.
Carlo Maderno changed the plan to a Latin cross with a longer nave (1607-1612).
Where did the 'Vatican Obelisk' come from originally? What is the point of installing it in the plaza
leading up to the basilica of St. Peter? correct answersEgypt. Was meant to repurpose it for faith.
What are some of the characteristics of the façade and the interior of the rebuilt St. Peter (Rome) that
belong to the Baroque style? correct answersFaçade has colossal columns and features.
Inside has long nave and aisles (Latin cross) to accommodate congregation and provide professional
space.
Where is the baldacchino located and what is its purpose? How does it incorporate symbolism that
reflects the patronage of the Barberini family? correct answersLocated over the high alter in St. Peter's
, Basilica, meant to be a canopy supported by twisted columns and cast bronze. Barberini propaganda is
on the columns as laurel leaves and bees.
Describe the form of Bernini's piazza of St. Peter's. What are the architectural characteristics, symbolic,
and spiritual values associated with Bernini's design? correct answersThe large round area is meant to be
expressing the mother church "receiving in her open arms Catholics to be confirmed in the faith, heretics
to be reunited with the Church, and unbelievers to be enlightened by the true faith." -Bernini
What type of building is Versailles and where is it? correct answersA chateau. Located in France.
Who are some of the architects and designers involved in the expansion of Versailles? correct
answersLouis XIII: Hunting lodge is built in 1623.
Louis XIV: has Louis Le Vau start construct a new residential palace (1668).
Jules Hardouin Mansart: Continued construction of the palace (1668).
Andre Le Notre: designed the garden.
How do the buildings of Versailles focus on the accomplishments of Louis XIV? correct answersStatues
and trophies were built along the facade and roofline to publicly show his accomplishments of military
victories.
How do the facades of the French royal palaces at the Louvre and Versailles reflect Italian Renaissance
and Baroque principles? correct answersRusticated masonry on ground floor.
Colonnade with pairs of Corinthian columns (Baroque influence).
Central pediment with Minerva and Muses.
Balustrade along roofline.
Where is the Louvre? correct answersParis.
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