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NR546 Week 6 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update and Recommended Version
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Substance Use Disorder → Occurs when the recurrent use of a substance, such as alcohol or drugs, causes clinically significant impairment, including health problems, disability, or failure to meet responsibilities at home, work, or school. When does drug use typically begin? → Adolescenc...

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NR546 Week 6 Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update and
Recommended Version
Substance Use Disorder


→ Occurs when the recurrent use of a substance, such as alcohol or drugs, causes clinically
significant impairment, including health problems, disability, or failure to meet
responsibilities at home, work, or school.


When does drug use typically begin?

→ Adolescence


Common Comorbidities of substance use disorder

→ Anxiety disorders
→ depression
→ bipolar disorder
→ psychotic illness
→ borderline personality disorder
→ antisocial personality disorder


Neurological basis: Genetic factors of SUD


→ 40-60% of a client's vulnerability to substance use disorders may be attributed to
genetic factors
→
→ Vulnerability involves complex interactions between multiple genetic factors/.
→
→ Genetic involvement may impact an individual's experience of a drug as pleasurable
or not or how long a drug remains in the body.


Epigenetic factors in SUD`


1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5

,2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!

→ influence whether genes associated with substance use disorder are activated


Neurological Basis: Neuroanatomy in SUD


→ Brain circuits that mediate reward, impulse control, decision making, learning, and
emotions play a role in substance use disorder.


Mesolimbic Dopamine pathway in SUD

→ has been identified as the key pathway that mediates reward.
→
→ Connects the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain to the ventral striatum of the
basal ganglia.
→
→ The pathway begins in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and connects to the ventral
striatum/nucleus


Neurobiological Basis: Neural Networks

→ Mesolimbic pathway is most associated with reward. Drugs and alcohol act directly on
brain receptors leading to a release of dopamine.
→
→ As substance use increases, brain circuits adapt by reducing sensitivity to dopamine,
leading to tolerance and the need to increase use of a substance to achieve the same
high.


Neurological Basis: Neural Signaling

→ Dopamine is responsible for regulating the brain's motivation, pleasure, and reward
center.
→
→ Dopamine is release in response to natural pleasurable activities or situations such as
achieving an accomplishment, enjoying a good meal. or participating in an athletic
activity. Addictive drugs cause a surge of dopamine in the ventral striatum or nucleus
accumbens.
→ Repeated use can lead to changes in brain circuitry leading to craving, addiction,
dependence, withdrawal.


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, 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!

What neurotransmitter is the target when treating SUD?

→ Dopamine.


Tolerance

→ With repeated ingestion of a drug, the drug shows decreased effect. Increasing doses
are required to achieve the effects noted with the original administration


Dependence


→ State of adaption produced with repeated administration of certain drugs so that
physical symptoms occur when the drug is discontinued abruptly.


Addiction

→ A change in behavior caused by biochemical changes in the brain after continued
substance use characterized by preoccupation with and repeated use of a substance
despite negative outcomes.


Withdrawal


→ Physiological and psychological reactions that occur when the use of a substance is
stopped abruptly.


Intoxication

→ Condition following the ingestion of a substance resulting in changes in level of
consciousness, cognition, perception, judgement, and behavior.


Treatment




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