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Summary ID&E Lecture 5
Instructional design and evaluation / ID&E lecture 5 / hoorcollege 5 notes and summary articles
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Lecture 5 ID&E Blended learning and learning analyticsOverview of this lecture
Blended learning
Definitions, uses, advantages/disadvantages
The ‘flipped classroom’
Research findings
Learning analytics
Definition
Characteristics and examples
Promises and challenges
In what ways can blended learning be combined to learning analytics?
What is the link between learning analytics and other topics in ID&E?
Not a lot of theory is known in this field. These practices take some theory and connect it to their
practice.
Learning analytics: notice behaviour without people being aware of their behaviour (e.g. an expert
exerts implicit expertise behaviour).
Look op: blockchain: pieces of information that create the main chain. Every block contains
something of the other blocks (hash) and therefore they are all connected/chained.
What is blended learning
Combination of online and face to face learning. Both can be defined in a wide or narrow way.
In the research the definition was broaden deliberately so he could add more articles in the meta-
analysis.
According to some: use of ICT to ‘redefine’ instruction
Characteristics of blended learning
Many learning activities can be ‘blended’
1. Formal and informal learning: at school with a teacher & having discussions, having
homework, being in another way connected to the teacher
2. Workplace and classroom: Learning at the workplace and making a combination with the
learning during work
3. Instruction types: when you continually think of instruction and how to combine them.
4. Online and offline:
Question for you
How is blended learning considered to improve education?
- Sluit meer aan op de behoefte van kinderen
- Decide your own pace (combination with ID theories, putting the learner in control)
Transient information effect (CLT)
- Choose topics and ways to learn
- More time during class for deeper reasoning skills
- Spacing learning over time, Promote ‘Active learning’ and ‘spacing’
- Use of effective learning activities (e.g. quizzes) + Easier to implement some learning
activities
- Apply learning analytics (what does this say about ethics?)
- Personalization (adapt to learners’ need) vs. social constructionism (adapt to other people
to gain a mutual understanding).
- More accessible
- Potential cost reduction
, Disadvantages:
- Students’ (lack of) self-management (some learners do not want to be in control)
- More demanding more time consuming
- Potential increase in costs
Design blended learning instruction: challenges
1. Incorporating flexibility
a. How to incorporate control for the learner vs a course that still has to run
2. Stimulating interaction and action
a. How do you stimulate non-active students? How do you nudge them to become
active learners?
3. Facilitating students’ learning processes
a. How do you keep them active in learning?
4. Fostering an affective learning climate
a. When controlling online behaviour by doing measures it can affect the safety of the
learning climate
Important for instructional designers: Is it worth the investment?
Why would you flip learning anyway? Why not keep to classic learning?
Theoretical background: why blend or ‘flip’ learning?
What is wrong with ‘classic’ learning
Is this supported by scientific evidence?
How digital natives are killing the sage on the stage
Sage = the Yoda, the wise guy. Not giving you all the knowledge, because you are not yet ready for it.
Origin 1: constructivism
Alison King in 1993 ––‘From sage on the stage to guide on the side
Classic model of teaching learning outdated
- Not effective for the 21st century
Active processing of information necessary
- Consistent with cognitive theories
Constructivism
- Learner central, teacher as facilitator
‘Helps students become critical thinkers and creative problem solvers’
Origin 2: debate about homework
Since 1990 a lot of debate on this topic.
There is no conclusion about the effectivity. It depends on the way how it is used. Teacher should not
only check on the homework if it has been done.
Research on homework is usually based on self-report people overexaggerate
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