JoAnn E. Harris-Bowlsbey
Loyola College Maryland
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Prepared by
Jennifer Del Corso
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Old Dominion University
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Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Career Development Interventions…………………………………..1
Chapter 2: Understanding and Applying Theories of Career Development……………………14
Chapter 3: Understanding and Applying Recent Theories of Career Development……………34
Chapter 4: Providing Culturally Competent Career Development Interventions………………51
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Chapter 5: Assessment and Career Planning…………………………………………………... 67
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Chapter 6: Career Information and Resources………………………………………………….79
Chapter 7: Using Technology to Support Career Counseling and Planning……………………88
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Chapter 8: Career Counseling Strategies and Techniques for the 21st Century………………..102
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Chapter 9: Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating Career Development Programs
and Services...............................................................................................................116
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Chapter 10: Career Development Interventions in the Elementary Schools…………………...120
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Chapter 11: Career Development Interventions in Middle Schools………………................... 133
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Chapter 12: Career Development Interventions in High Schools ……………………………..142
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Chapter 13: Career Development Interventions in Higher Education ………………...............151
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Chapter 14: Career Development Interventions in Community Settings ……………..............166
Chapter 15: Ethical Issues in Career Development Interventions……………………………..177
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Answer Key…………………………………………………………………………………….188
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,MyCounselingLab
Help your students bridge the gap between theory and practice with MyCounselingLab.
MyCounselingLab connects your course content to video- and case-based real world scenarios,
and provides:
• Assignments and Activities assess students’ understanding of key concepts and skill
development.
• Building Counseling Skills Exercises offer opportunities for students to develop and
practice skills critical to their success as professional helpers. Suggested responses are
available to instructors, making grading easy.
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• Multiple-Choice Quizzes help students gauge their understanding of important topics and
prepare for success on licensure examinations.
• A Video and Resource Library containing over 400 video clips, including 8 NEW clips:
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o 21st Century Application of Career Construction Theory with a College Student:
Dr. Mark Savickas
o 21st Century Application of Career Construction Theory with a College Student 2:
Dr. Mark Savickas
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o 21st Century Career Construction Theory: A Dialogue between Dr. Mark
Savickas and Dr. Spencer Niles
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o 21st Century Application of Holland’s Theory with a College Student: Dr. Janet
Lenz
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o 21st Century Career Assessment Interpretation with a College Student: Dr. David
Reile
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o 21st Century Career Development Interventions in the School: An Interview with
Dr. Carol Dahir
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o 21st Century Counseling with an Unemployed Adult: Dr. Barbara Suddarth
o 21st Century Job-Seeking Intervention with an Unemployed Adult: Dr. Michael
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Hall
Access to MyCounselingLab can be packaged with this textbook or purchased standalone. To
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find out how to package student access to this website and gain access as an instructor, go to
www.MyCounselingLab.com, emails us at counseling@pearson.com, or contact your Pearson
sales representative.
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If you have already adopted MyCounselingLab, please note that the first printing of the 4th
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edition of Career Development Interventions in the 21st Century contain errors in reference to
MyCounselingLab topics. Please see page v of this manual for a corrected correlation, and know
that we regret these errors.
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, Chapter 1
Introduction to Career Development Interventions
The first chapter introduces students to the importance of career development
interventions in the 21st century to help individuals adapt to complex career concerns of today’s
workers. Competent career practitioners must possess knowledge and skills required for
providing effective career assistance that encompasses and transcends those required for general
counseling. Preparing students to address career counseling needs with their clients, means
helping them see the connection between mental health, wellness, and career. Career counseling
is not delegated to administering and interpreting occupational assessments, but is inextricably
tied to counseling whereby clients can more clearly articulate their identity and what matters to
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them. Career counselors and practitioners seek to empower people to derive meaning from their
life experiences and to translate that meaning into rewarding occupational choices. Specifically,
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this chapter (1) traces the meaning of work across time (2) highlights the link between work and
worth (3) provides an overview of systematic career development intervention while defining
specific career related terms (4) highlights important events in the history of career development
interventions, as well as the significant impact of Frank Parsons, (6) identifies specific career
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counseling competencies and performance indicators, and (7) discusses future trends in career
development interventions
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The Meaning of Work Across Time
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• The way in which individuals viewed work has greatly differed throughout history
• One’s occupation or career often used a primary means for self-identification and
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social status
• There is substantial evidence that the meaning of work is changing throughout the
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world in the 21st century
• Initially work was viewed as a means to serve God and evolved in the 19th century as
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a means of determining one’s status. Work has the same root as the Greek word:
“sorrow”.
• Reformation and influence of Martin Luther and John Calvin tied hard work
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(“Protestant work ethic”) to an emerging value that all persons need to work
• Shift occurred at the beginning of the 20th century as individuals as individuals
embraced a new work ethic called, “Career” ethic by which individuals “find their fit
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and don’t quit” (Maccoby and Terzi, 1981).
• Now in the 21st century (due to downsizing and a global economy) many
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organizations are flattening and leaving workers feeling betrayed, anxious and
insecure about the future (Savickas, 1993).
• The elimination of vertical hierarchies challenges the definition of a “successful”
career
• As a result, the meaning of work has expanded to encompass the totality of work/life
roles throughout the course of one’s life.
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