Physical Development: Brain (middle childhood) - Answer- -By age 8-9 brain has
reached adult size
-Frontal lobes growth
-Engage in cognitive tasks
-Memory improves
-Attention sharpens
-Judgment more mature
-problem solving progresses
Physical Development: Health and Nutrition (middle childhood) - Answer- -well balanced
diet needed to support learning in school
-are beginning to make their own decisions about food
-Illness
-Asthma
-Injuries caused by accidents
Physical Development: Weight (early childhood) - Answer- -Rate of childhood obesity
-Raises risk of related diseases
-Successful interventions:
-Limit television & computer time
-Encourage healthy eating & physical activity
-Increase awareness of lifestyle choices
Physical Development: Learning Disabilities (middle childhood) - Answer- -boys are
more often diagnosed than girls
-Often recognized in reading and math
-Difficulties focusing on relevant information needed to decode words or solve problems
Cognitive Development: Autism Spectrum Disorders (middle childhood) - Answer- -
AUTISM
-Repeating questions/ not speaking
-Learning difficult words before simple words
-Complex tasks before simple tasks
-Difficulty understanding social cues
,-ASPERGER'S
-Considered by some as "high functioning autism"
-Language development is not generally delayed
-pervasive developmental disabilities
Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage (middle childhood) - Answer- -3rd stage: ages 7-11
-Thinking becomes more flexible
-Can reverse their mental actions
-Conservation
-Logical thought processes begin
Able to reason with concrete materials
Conversation (early childhood) - Answer- -the ability to focus on several features of an
objective or task
Classification (early childhood) - Answer- -the ability to group objects with some
similarity
Seriation (early childhood) - Answer- -the ability to order objects by increased length or
weight
Transitivity (early childhood) - Answer- -ability to combine relationships and draw
conclusions
Sternberg's Triarchic Model of Intelligence - Answer- -Successful intelligence demands
active involvement by individuals
-Successfully intelligent people capitalize on their intellectual strengths & compensate
for & correct their weaknesses.
-focuses on 3 sub-theories of intelligence that are part of information-processing theory
-Componential, experiential, contextual
Moral Development (middle childhood) - Answer- -Involves thinking, feeling, & behaving
based on rules & customs about how people interact with others
Piaget
-4-7 years
-Heteronomous morality
-Immanent justice
-7-11
-Autonomous morality
Inductive Reasoning - Answer- -"bottom-up logic"
-Logical thinking that operates from specific cases to general principles.
-deductive reasoning: will start in adolescence
Moral Development Gilligan's Ethics of Care - Answer- -Thought Kohlberg ignored
gender differences of males & females
, -Girl's & women's decisions based on ethics of caring rather than a morality of justice
-Initially girls' moral decisions center on self → as attachments & loyalties → girls' moral
decisions center on a sense of responsibility
-decisions are principle-based & guided by a broader perspective
Language development (middle childhood) - Answer- -Vocabulary Changes
-Communicate constantly with peers
-Similar to adults in language usage
-rich with humor and expressions
-internalized pragmatics
Stress in Middle Childhood - Answer- -Child Abuse
-false self-training
-Resilient Children
-Temperaments that elicit positive responses
-Have special interests or talents
-Sufficiently intelligent to acquire good problem-solving skills
What is adolescence? When does it start? - Answer- -Puberty
-Change in hormone levels
Menarche/Spermache
-Interest in sex and dating
-male: 13-14
-female: 12-13
Physical Development (adolescents) - Answer- -Healthy biopsychosocial development
depends on accurate communication with adults about:
-Puberty & the reproductive system
Puberty - Answer- -Hormone balance triggers puberty
-The sequence of bodily changes in puberty is surprisingly constant
-The secular trend (decreasing age of the onset of puberty)is affecting boys and girls
differently.
- Answer-
Cognitive development (adolescents) - Answer- Piaget's formal operational stage
-4th stage: age 11 +
-abstract thought, logical reasoning, hypothetical thinking & combine groups of concrete
operations
Variables in cognitive development
-Culture
-Gender
-Context
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