LING222 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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LING222
LING222 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Lessons on Languages - CORRECT ANSWER- - Some aspects of language are
memorized
- Some aspects of language involve rules or patterns
- If there are rules, they apply to some input to produce an output
- Rules apply only to linguistically ...
LING222 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Lessons on Languages - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - Some aspects of language are
memorized
- Some aspects of language involve rules or patterns
- If there are rules, they apply to some input to produce an output
- Rules apply only to linguistically definable terms
Languages are _____ due to them having rules - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- computational
systems
Equivalence Classes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Mathematical categorization that says that
seemingly different elements behave the same way under certain rules
Mentalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An approach to linguistics that considers the
information, rules, and patterns that can be used to analyze linguistic behavior to reflect
properties of the minds of individuals
I-Language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A computational system embedded in an
individual's brain
Universal Grammar - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's
languages share a similar underlying structure
every language is different AND every language is the same
Jackendoff's Argument for Mental Grammar - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Internalism:
,- The nature of our cognition/perception tells us that our minds contain knowledge of an
abstract system of rules that allow us to 'parse' the world
Jackendoff's Argument for Innate Knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Nativism:
- Some aspects of our metal grammar are not learned, but rather are innate
- The Universal Grammar
Jackendoff's Argument for Construction of Experience - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Constructivism:
- Our experience of the world is partially dependent upon what our minds bring to perception;
we do not experience the physical world directly
Internalism applied to Language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The object of study of
linguistics and cognitive science in general is what is in the mind (mental grammars), and not
what is "out in the world"
Nativism applied to Language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Due to the definition of
innateness, there is some initial state that the child is in before learning takes place
Constructivism applied to Language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- We construct our world
view of the world in just about every domain we can think of
- For language, grammar is enough to show construction (both the speaker and the listener are
performing this action)
Nativism applied to Vision - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - Nobody taught us to see a triangle
in the optical illusion, we see it because that is how we (humans) all process certain kinds of
visual information
- This must thus be innate
Internalism applied to Vision - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - You obviously cannot store an
unbounded number of 'triangle representations' in your limited brain, so there must be a
procedure that your visual system uses to construct the triangle you see for an unbounded
number of physical stimuli.
- Mental Grammar
, Constructivism applied to Vision - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - The fact that we see three
dimensional figures where there is no physical evidence for such entities, reflects the notion
that our visual system, a component of the mind, constructs what we see
Simultaneous Spectral Integration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The integration into a single
representation of parts of the sound spectrum reaching the ear within a temporal window that
"go together"
- Ex: Musical note and the overtones of the instrument
Simultaneous Spectral Segregation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Process of assigning parts of
the spectrum to different perceptual sources
- Speaking while there is background noise requires segregation
Sequential Integration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Acoustic events occurring separated in
time may be integrated into a single auditory stream
- Sequence of footsteps
Word Boundaries - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Where a word ends, and another begins
- Word boundaries are constructed using our mental grammar, if we were given the recording
of a sentence in a different language, we would not be able to tell where the word boundaries
are by looking at the waveform or listening to the recordings
Incorrect Views of Language - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1) Language as a form of
expression
- Too vague a concept to be studied scientifically
2) Language as an instrument/result of thought
- Does not allow us to find out anything about the nature of language
3) Language as a repository of culture
- Disproven by other linguists
4) Language as a system of communication
- Language is not the only way we communicate
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