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CGFM - EXAM 1; GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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CGFM - EXAM 1; GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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CGFM - EXAM 1; GOVERNMENTENVIRONMENT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Government pSovereignty p- p✔✔Nat'l pgovernment pcan't pbe psued pby pstates por pby
pcitizens pw/out pits ppermission.
Government pAuthority p- p✔✔Derived pfrom pconstitutions por pcharters p(local pversions
pof pa pconstitution), pstatutes, pexecutive porders p& pregulations.
3 pLevels p- p✔✔1) pNational
2) pState
3) pLocal
The pprimary ppurpose pof peach pis pto pprovide pservices pto pcitizens. pSeparate pand
pdistinct, pyet pthey pmay pcoordinate ptheir pefforts.
3 pBranches p- p✔✔1) pLegislative p
2) pExecutive p
3) pJudicial
Separation pof pPowers p- p✔✔Feature pof pthe pConstitution pthat prequires peach pof pthe
pthree pbranches pof pgovernment—legislative, pexecutive, pand pjudicial—to pbe
prelatively pindependent pof pthe pothers pso pthat pone pcannot pcontrol pthe pothers.
pPower pis pshared pamong pthe pthree pbranches pof pgovernment.
Checks pand pBalances p- p✔✔Constitutionally-mandated psystem pthat pallows peach
pbranch pof pgovernment pto pamend por pveto pacts pof panother pbranch pso pas pto
pprevent pany pone pbranch pfrom pexerting ptoo pmuch ppower.
Judicial pReview p- p✔✔Power pgiven pto pthe pjudicial pbranch pin porder pto psustain
pchecks pand pbalances. pCourts pcan poverturn plaws ppassed pby pthe plegislature p&
psigned pby pthe ppresident/governor pif pcourts pdeem pthem punconstitutional. pEnables
pjudges pto pquestion pthe plegality pand preasonableness pof pa pgov't pmanager's
padministrative pactions. p(Test pquestion)
Federalism p- p✔✔U.S. psystem pof pgov't. pPower pis pdistributed pamong pdifferent plevels
pof pgov't pand pno pone plevel pof pgov't phas pcomplete pauthority pover pall pareas pof
ppublic ppolicy. pNo pcenteralized psystem pof pgov't pin pU.S.
,Popular pSovereignty p- p✔✔Basic pconcept pof pthe pConstitution. pThe pidea pthat
pultimate pauthority pbelongs pto pthe pvoting ppeople pand peven pa psovereign pgov't pis
paccountable pto pcitizens.
Legal pConstraints p- p✔✔Derived pfrom pconstitutions, pstatutes, pand pordinances. pThey
pcan pinclude plimits pon pthe ptype pof ptax, prate pof ptax, pand ptax pcollection ppurposes.
Purpose
Term
Amount
Process p- p✔✔Ways pin pwhich pconstitutions pand pcharters pspecify pwhether pthe
pgovernment pcan pincur pdebt pand plimit pgovernment pborrowing. p(PTAP)
Reserved pClause p- p✔✔Stems pfrom pthe p10th pAmendment pto pthe pU.S. pConstitution.
pPowers pnot pdelegated pto pthe pNat'l pgov't, pnor pprohibited pto pthe pstates, pare
preserved pto pthe pstates pand pthe ppeople. pNat'l pgov't pcan pinfluence plower plevels,
pbut pcan't pdictate pthe pmanner pin pwhich pstate p& plocal pgov't pwill poperate.
Areas pof pOverlap pin pGovernmental pResponsibilities p- p✔✔Nat'l pand pstate pgov'ts
pexercise pauthority pin pcivil pdefense pand pthe pNat'l pGuard. pFor pexample, pduring
ppeacetime, pNat'l pGuard punits pfall punder pthe pdirection pof pstate pgovernors pand
pmeet pthe pneeds pof pthe pstate. pDuring pnat'l pemergencies, pthese punits pare punder
pcommand pof pthe pPresident, pCommander pin pChief. pState pand plocal pgov'ts phave
psome presponsibility pfor ptraffic psafety. pAll p3 plevels pimpact ppublic peducation.
Grants p- p✔✔Money pthat pis pdistributed pto plower-level pgovernments pwith pthe
ppurpose pof pfunding pspecial pprojects.
Laboratories pof pDemocracy p- p✔✔Nickname pgiven pto pstate pand plocal pgovernments
pbecause pthey pexperiment pwith ppolicies pand pprocedures pthat pare plater padopted pat
pthe pnat'l plevel.
Performance pReporting p- p✔✔Example pof pupward pinfluence p(laboratory pof
pdemocracy). pU.S. pgov't prequirement pcreated pin pthe p90s pfor pfederal pagencies p.
pProcess pof pcollecting pand pdistributing pperformance pinformation; pincludes pstatus
preporting, pprogress pmeasurement, pand pforecasting.
Legislative p- p✔✔Passes plaws. pHouse pof pRepresentatives pand pSenate pform
plegislative pbranch pof pNat'l pgov't. pIncludes pCongressional pBudget pOffice, pthe
pLibrary pof pCongress, pGov't pAccountability pOffice, pand pArchitect pof pthe pCapitol.
Executive p- p✔✔Administers plaws. pExecutes pgov't pprograms. pIncludes pthe pU.S.
pDepartments pof pEducation, pInterior, pand pDefense.
, Judicial p- p✔✔Interprets plaws pand pexercises pjudicial preview pover pactions pof pthe
pother pbranches.
Municipal pGovernments p- p✔✔The plowest plevel pof pgovernment pand pexercises
pauthority pover pa pmunicipality p(i.e. pcity, ptown, pvillage). pUsually, pthe pscope pof pits
ppowers pare pdetermined pby pits pdelegated pauthority pfrom pthe plevel pof pgovernment
pthat pcreates pit pand pthe plaws pit ppasses pare pcalled pordinances.
U.S. pConstitution p- p✔✔A pset pof pprinciples p(guidelines) pthat pdescribe pthe pduties
pand ppowers pof pthe pU.S. pgovernment. pWritten pin p1787 pand pratified pin p1791. pHas
pbeen pamended p27 ptimes. pThe pfirst p10 pamendments pform pthe pBill pof pRights.
pComprised pof pseven particles.
Article pI p- p✔✔Defines ppowers pof pthe plegislative pbranch. pPower pto penact plaw,
pcollect ptaxes, pcoin pmoney, praise parmies pand pdeclare pwar.
Article pII p- p✔✔Defines pthe prole pand ppower pof pthe ppresidency pand pexecutive
pbranch. pPower pto pcommand parmed pforces, pgrant ppardons pfor poffenses pagainst
pthe pU.S., pand pto pappoint pambassadors pand pSupreme pCourt pjudges pwith pthe
padvice pand pconsent pof pthe pSenate.
Article pIII p- p✔✔Defines ppower pof pjudicial pbranch. pPower pover plegal pcases parising
punder pthe pU.S. pConstitution pand prelated pto ptreaties pand pambassadors;
pcontroversies pbetween ptwo por pmore pstates; pand pcontroversies pbetween pcitizens pof
pdifferent pstates.
Line-Item pVeto p- p✔✔Executive ppower pto pstrike, por premove, pspecific pitems pfrom pa
pspending pbill pwithout pvetoing pthe pentire ppackage. pMany pstate pconstitutions pallow
pgovernors pto penact pthis ppower. pU.S. ppresidents phave pwanted psimilar pauthority. pIn
p1996, pCongress ppassed pthis pact, pPresident pClinton pused pit pin p1997. pHis pactions
pwere pchallenged pand pit pwas pdeclared punconstitutional pby pthe pSupreme pCourt pin
p1998.
(Budget) pAppropriation p- p✔✔A ppart pof pthe pcongressional pbudgeting pprocess pthat
pinvolves pdetermining phow pmany pdollars pwill pbe pspent pin pa pgiven pyear pon pa
pparticular pset pof pgov't pactivities.
Government pCommissions p- p✔✔Special-government pcomponents pthat pmay pbe
ppermanent por ptemporary pand pmake pregulations p(limitations por prestrictions pon pthe
pbehavior pof pan pindividual por pa pbusiness); pthey pare pbureaucratically pdetermined
pprescriptions pfor phow pbusiness pis pto ptake pplace. pThese pcomponents poften penjoy
pa pheightened pdegree pof pautonomy. pex. pFDA pregulates phow pdrugs pare ptested pand
pmarketed.
Hierarchy pof pGovernment pAuthorities p- p✔✔1) pConstitution
2) pLaws
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