CISSN Study Guide with Complete Questions and Answers (Graded A)
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CISSN Study Guide with Complete Questions and Answers (Graded A)CISSN Study Guide with Complete Questions and Answers (Graded A)CISSN Study Guide with Complete Questions and Answers (Graded A)
1. Explain how carnosine is synthesized within the body. - ANSWER--Beta-alanine + l-histidine + ATP > ...
cissn study guide with complete questions and answ
cissn study guide with complete questions and answ
1 explain how carnosine is synthesized within th
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CISSN Study Guide with Complete
Questions and Answers (Graded A)
1. Explain how carnosine is synthesized within the body. - ANSWER--Beta-alanine + l-
histidine + ATP > carnosine + AMP + diphosphate
-Via carnosine synthase
2. What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? -
ANSWER-- A very slow digesting starch (lots of amylose).
- Leads to lower glucose and insulin responses
3. Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle
function? - ANSWER-- Vitamin D
4. What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic
precursors - ANSWER-- Glycerol + amino acids (alanine and/or glutamine) +
lactate/pyruvate.
- Pyruvate decarboxylase
5. What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes? -
ANSWER-- Lowers risk of type II diabetes
6. What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage? - ANSWER--
Attenuates catabolism and promotes protein synthesis
7. When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant
fuel source during distance running? - ANSWER-- Fat, specifically blood TAG
,8. How many extra kcals are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat? - ANSWER--
3500
9. What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and exercise
performance? - ANSWER-- Dehydration > worse thermoregulation.
- Problems start as low as 1% of body weight, strength, endurance, fine motor skills,
mental performance.
- Cramps and fatigue @ 4%, stroke and big problems at 6%
10. What are the effects of l-alanyl-l-glutamine supplementation on time-to-exhaustion
and dehydration stress? - ANSWER-- Increased time to exhaustion under mild
dehydration stress
11. What effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity? -
ANSWER-- Less glycogen > significant disadvantage for exercise lasting >90m
12. Approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to
exercising in the heat? - ANSWER-- 10-14 days
13. What is HICA and what are the effects of its supplementation for a period of 4
weeks? - ANSWER-- Led to small increase in muscle mass among actively training
soccer players
14. What is a BOD POD? - ANSWER-- Body composition device that measures the
differences in pressure to calculate body density and thus body fat%
15. Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions
does one fuel source predominate over the other? - ANSWER-- More intensity, shorter
duration > carbohydrate.
- Longer duration, lower intensity> fat.
- VLCKD can influence preferred substrate
, 16. What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? -
ANSWER-- Improves power, force, and ability to sustain both
17. Chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle? -
ANSWER-- Myofiber hypertrophy
- Increased cross sectional size
- Fiber types switch from IIx > IIa
26. Why is fat considered to be the ideal cellular fuel? - ANSWER-- 9 calories per gram
- Light weight
- Infinite storage
27. What are essential amino acids? What are some conditionally essential amino
acids? - ANSWER-- Essential: leucine, isoleucine, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine,
methionine, lysine, threonine
28. What is the process of glycogen synthesis called? - ANSWER-- Glycogenesis
29. What is the main function of a carbohydrate? - ANSWER-- Energy source for all
tissues in the body, esp brain
18. Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle? - ANSWER--
Increased mitochondrial and capillary density
- More enzymes related to aerobic metabolism
- Minor hypertrophy
19. What has the greatest effect on the sedentary person's daily energy expenditure?
(i.e. TEF, RMR, or Activity) - ANSWER-- RMR
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