HCC Microbiology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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HCC Microbiology
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HCC Microbiology
HCC Microbiology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Definition of pathogens* - ANSWERS"disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (diseas...
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
,Phylogeny* - ANSWERSthe development or evolution of a particular group of organisms. The first
phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - ANSWERSworms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - ANSWERS...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Bioremediation* - ANSWERS...This process involves the introduction of microbes into the environment
to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants. "Which process involves the deliberate alteration in an
organism's
genetic material?"
Six I's of studying microbiology* - ANSWERS1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - ANSWERSselective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - ANSWERSenriched medium
Selective medium* - ANSWERSmedium that encourage the growth of one species.
,Differential medium* - ANSWERS...allowing the growth of more than one microbe while using physical
properties to identify it
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - ANSWERSReduce oxygen concentration to test for anaerobic microbes
Mannitol salt agar* - ANSWERSis used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - ANSWERSclarity. minimal distance between two objects and which
objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - ANSWERS...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
Micronutrient* - ANSWERS...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
Trace element* - ANSWERS...a micronutrient
Phototroph* - ANSWERS.microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from sunlight"
Heterotrophy* - ANSWERSan organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
Chemotroph* - ANSWERSmicrobes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism that uses chemicals
for energy, rather than light"
, Methanogen* - ANSWERSwhich produce methane (CH4) from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide
Saprobes* - ANSWERSan organism that lives
on DEAD organic matter
Diffusion* - ANSWERSmolecular movement: atoms or molecules move in a gradient from an area of
higher density or concentration to an area of lower density or concentration
Osmosis* - ANSWERSDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Endocytosis* - ANSWERSthe movement of large masses of material across membranes
The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it
is called
Contractile vacuole* - ANSWERSit has water, or _____ that siphons excess water back out into the
habitat like a tiny pump
Psychrophile* - ANSWERSsurvives in extreme cold.
microorganism that has an
optimum temperature below 15°C and is capable of growth at 0°C.
It is obligate with respect to COLD and generally cannot grow above
20°C.
Thermoduric* - ANSWERSThese microorganisms like VERY high temperature.
Metabolism* - ANSWERSall chemical reactions in the body
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