Pribnow box correct answers -interacts with a specific component of sigma part of RNA polymerase to line it up on DNA
-located 10 bases before the start of transcription
-consensus TATAAT
Sigma factor correct answers -key to allowing RNA polymerase bind to promoter sequence
-more than one sig...
BSC 310 EXAM II || A+ Verified Solutions.
Pribnow box correct answers -interacts with a specific component of sigma part of RNA
polymerase to line it up on DNA
-located 10 bases before the start of transcription
-consensus TATAAT
Sigma factor correct answers -key to allowing RNA polymerase bind to promoter sequence
-more than one sigma factor
-turn on/off whole suits of genes
-closer to particular sequence in promoter (consensus), the stronger the promoter
-recognize Pribnow box and -35 region
-35 region correct answers ~35 bases upstream of transcriptional start
-different consensus that varies among sigma factors
TATA Box correct answers -6 to 8 base pairs
-17-27 nucleotides upstream of transcriptional start
BRE region correct answers B recognition element
TBP correct answers tata-binding protein
TFB correct answers transcriptional factor B
Rho-dependent terminator correct answers protein that forms around mRNA as it is being
synthesized and interacts with RUT region of nucleotides to stall ribosome due to interaction of
NusG with beta-clamp helices and RNA falls off
Intrinsic Terminator correct answers transcription is terminated without any additional factors;
means central or integrated into; stem loop where termination will occur created by an inverted
repeat that give the ability to form base pairing - short section of double stranded RNA
Factor-dependent termination correct answers depends on the action of a regulatory protein
(Rho)
Exon correct answers the expressed unit
Introns correct answers intervening (noncoding) unit
Spliceosome correct answers remove introns in Eukarya; mature mRNA is also capped and has a
poly (A) tail
Exponential Growth correct answers growth of a microbial population in which cell numbers
double within a specific time interval
, Can we separate density from growth rate? correct answers in batch culture, resource
concentration.... (check lecture notes for rest of answer)
Factors that affect microbial growth correct answers temperature
pH
water availability
reduction potential (Eh)
What is the optimum temperature for an enzyme? correct answers usually around 40 degrees C
Describe the affect of temperature on microbial growth? correct answers at the minimum -
membrane gelling; transport processes so slow that growth cannot occur
incline - enzymatic reactions occur at increasingly rapid rates
optimum - enzymatic reactions occurring at maximal possible rate
decline to maximum - protein denaturation; collapse of the cytoplasmic membrane; thermal lysis
Cardinal temperatures correct answers the minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures at
which an organism grows
Will cells usually die at these extreme temperature? correct answers not usually unless
something has punctured the cell or otherwise weakened it
Temperature classes of bacteria correct answers Psychrophile, Mesophile, Thermophile,
Hyperthermophile
Extremophiles correct answers organisms that grow in extreme environmental conditions
Mesophiles correct answers organisms that have midrange temperature optima (15°C<T<45°C)
Psychrophiles correct answers organisms living in extreme cold conditions (less than 20°C);
lower limite for growth ~ -20°C
Planococcus halocryophilus correct answers grows at -15°C, record holder
Psychrotolerant microorganisms correct answers organisms that can grow cold (~4°C) but have
temp max between 20 and 40°C
True correct answers (T/F) The world's deep oceans form a very large environment for
psychrophiles.
Molecular adaptations of enzymes to living in the cold correct answers more alpha-helices than
beta-sheets
more polar and less hydrophobic amino acids
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