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AAMI MICROBIOLOGY FOR EMBALMERS WEEK 12 EXAM FULLY SOLVED -14
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AAMI MICROBIOLOGY FOR EMBALMERS WEEK 12 EXAM FULLY SOLVED -14
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AAMI MICROBIOLOGY FOR EMBALMERS WEEK 12 EXAMFULLY SOLVED #14
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quick fact - correct answer Back in the early
1980's, several cases of Pneumocystis carnii lung in infections were reported along with
26 cases of an unusual skin cancer called Kaposi's Sarcoma. This was the beginning of
the HIV infection
The HIV virus infects - correct answer •T cells (CD4 and lymphocytes) those which are
fighting infection.
• By killing a large amount of T cells, the virus makes the individual vulnerable to
opportunistic infections
HIV; After the person ifs initially infected, they experience flu-like symptoms in - correct
answer 3-6 weeks
• sexual contact or blood contact during this time usually transmits the disease because
of the high volume of virus in the blood.
• The virus may remain latent for months or even years, or it might begin replicating
copies soon after infection
HIV; once the virus starts new viral particles (the trigger is unknown) these copies are -
correct answer Sent into the circulatory system. CD4 cells respond to the virus and are
infected, a process that continues rapidly.
•since the infected cells can no function as normal defense cells, the body is then
vulnerable to opportunistic infections
HIV modes of transmission (portals of entry and exit) - correct answer •It has been
established that this virus is transmitted easily by way of
-anal intercourse
-vaginal intercourses
-oral intercourses
-sharing needles for IV drug use
-contaminated needle sticks
-cuts from contaminated sharp instruments
-contact of infected blood with
•eye
•nose
•Mouth
•skin
HIV; babies may become infected - correct answer •before birth
•during birth
•through breast feeding
HIV prevention - correct answer •Use of personal and protective equipment to limit any
and all exposure to blood or bodily fluids
, •proper handling of all sharp objects or instruments
•abstinence from all sexual activity
•universal precautions around all blood and bodily fluids
HIV treatment - correct answer HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy/treatment) is
the strategy used today to combat the virus including use of at least three anti- virals
initially
Creitzfeldt- Jacobs disease (CJD) - correct answer •transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies aka prion disease
•Human and Zoonotic
•fatal, degenerative brain disease
Prion - correct answer protein particles (molecule) that cause disease
CJD pathogenicity - correct answer •reasons not yet understood, the normal prion
changes into a pathogenic form that then damages the central nervous system
•nueurodegenerative diseases occur in some animals:
•scrapie: Sheep and goats
•chronic wasting disease ; deer
•mad cow disease
•in humans the most common form is called Creutzfeldt-Jacobs Disease (CJD)
CJD - quick facts - correct answer •this disease sporadically occurs in a very small
percentage of the population of the world - at a rate of one case per million - each year
•The risk of CJD increases with age - 68 is the median age at the time of death
CJD Symptoms - correct answer •Dementia
•unsteadiness
•twitching
•disturbance of vision
•overall clumsiness
•terminal stage - few months after onset:
-unable to talk, walk, see
•death follows quickly from onset of symptoms
CJD mode of transmission - correct answer •Person-to-person is not known to transmit
the Disease
•invasive surgical Procedures involving certain tissues of the body serve as a method of
transmission. Infection is often found in the central nervous system, specifically the
brain, spinal cord and eyes. This is evidenced by the people who have had corneal
transplants, undergone neurosurgery and been recipients of dura matter transplants
have contracted CJD
CJD Portals of Entry and exit - correct answer Enters:
-surgical procedures
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