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MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1, 3-5) EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS -13
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MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1, 3-5) EXAM WITHCORRECT ANSWERS #13
Microbiology - correct answer Specialized area of biology that deals with organisms
ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms - correct answer A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without
magnification.
Classification - correct answer Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups.
Nomenclature - correct answer System of assigning names.
Binomial nomenclature - correct answer Two-name system of naming organisms (Latin,
Greek). Two names: Genus, species. It's always underlined or italicized. Genus first
letter always capitalized, species not capitalized. Once it's been mentioned, the genus
name can be shortened.
Acellular organisms - correct answer Viruses. Exist without a cellular structure.
Cellular organisms - correct answer Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes - correct answer Organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in
membrane and lack specific organelles including a nucleus (bacteria).
Eukaryotes - correct answer Organisms whose genetic material is enclosed in nucleus
(fungi, protozoa, algae).
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes - correct answer Prokaryotic cells are smaller than
eukaryotic cells, and in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack other complex internal
compartments called organelles. All prokaryotes are microorganisms while only some
eukaryotes are microorganisms (including algae, protozoa, molds and yeasts- and even
anthropods).
Binary fission - correct answer The way bacteria reproduce. Splitting of a parent cell into
two equal parts.
Mycology - correct answer The study of fungi.
Phycology - correct answer The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae)
ranging from single celled forms to large seaweeds.
Pathogen - correct answer Disease causing agents.
Genetic engineering - correct answer Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and
animals for the purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms.
,Recombinant DNA - correct answer Switch DNA from one organism to another to
design new organisms.
Lactic acid bacteria - correct answer Dairy products, yogurt and cheese.
Curds - correct answer Solid chunks of day old milk, (fats and proteins etc. used in
cheese) and whey (mostly water). A gallon of milk yields only about 1.25 pounds of
cheese (weight lost is water).
Whey - correct answer Liquid part of day old milk, mostly water.
Rennin - correct answer Turn caseinogens to casein.
Curdling - correct answer Products cause milk to separate into curds (the milk solids,
fats, proteins, etc.
Scientific method - correct answer Approach taken by scientists to explain a certain
natural phenomenon.
Hypothesis - correct answer A tentative explanation or statement to account for what is
observed or measured.
Theory - correct answer Hypothesis backed by growing data.
Spontaneous generation - correct answer Life can rise from nonliving material.
Cell theory - correct answer All things are made of cells.
Biogenesis - correct answer the production of living organisms from other living
organisms
Fermentation - correct answer Organisms convert sugar into alcohol or acid (vinegar).
Using bacterial/fungal enzymes, convert food substrate from one form to another. Aid in
slow food spoilage. Foods use it for flavor and other properties. Fermentation products
include Lactic acid, acetic acid, yeast, etc.
Pasteurization - correct answer To kill organisms by heat, some spoiling agents still
stay.
Germ theory of disease - correct answer Theory that microbes can invade other
organisms and cause diseases.
Koch's postulates - correct answer Set of procedures to determine if a microbe causes a
certain disease. Verified the germ theory of disease.
, Aseptic technique - correct answer Aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and
preventing wound infections. Lister proposed the idea of aspetic techniques and the
importance of hand washing and equipment sterilization.
Chemotherapy - correct answer Treatment of disease by the use of chemical
substances. Now problem with drug resistance.
Synthetic drugs - correct answer Chemical substances made in a lab.
Antibiotics - correct answer Chemical substance made by microbes.
General sizes of macroscopic organisms? - correct answer 1 mm
Size of Microscopic organisms? - correct answer 1 um to 100 um
Size of Viruses? - correct answer 10 nm to 100 nm
What are the 3 domains used in the Woese-Fox system of classification? - correct
answer Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Which domain are fungi members of? - correct answer Eukarya
Which domain are Protozoa? - correct answer Eukarya
Which domain are Algae? - correct answer Eukarya
Which domain are E. coli? - correct answer Bacteria
Which domain are Viruses? - correct answer Neither
Viruses - correct answer Neither prokaryote or eukaryote; acellular. Very small (nm).
Need an electron microscope to see them. Parasite. Core/caspid contains nucleic acids
and a protein coat. Some envelope around caspids.
Bacteria - correct answer Prokaryote. All are microbes. Has a cell wall made up of
Eubacteria peptidoglycan. Absorb nutrition. Reproduce by binary fission. Unicellular.
Commonly found in biofilms.
Algae - correct answer Unicellular, some are multicellular. Reproduce asexually and
sexually. Nutrition by photosynthesis. Cell wall made of cellulose.
Fungi - correct answer Some are unicellular, some are multicellular. Nonmotile.
Reproduce by asexual and sexual reproduction. Cell wall made of chitin. Fungi digest
outside then ingest, absorb by release enzymes into environment. Cell membrane made
of ergosterol instead of cholesterol.
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