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Proteins and Enzymes- Functions and Structures Review Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update (Graded A+)

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Proteins and Enzymes- Functions and Structures Review Questions with Complete Solutions Latest Update (Graded A+) Proteins - Answers Large biomolecules performing various biological functions. Enzymes - Answers Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. Antibodies - Answers Proteins that bind...

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Proteins and Enzymes- Functions and Structures Review Questions with Complete Solutions Latest
Update (Graded A+)

Proteins - Answers Large biomolecules performing various biological functions.

Enzymes - Answers Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

Antibodies - Answers Proteins that bind to foreign substances.

Hemoglobin (Hb) - Answers Protein transporting oxygen in red blood cells.

Elastin - Answers Protein providing elasticity in tissues.

Keratin - Answers Structural protein in hair, skin, and nails.

Collagen - Answers Structural protein providing strength to tissues.

Glucose Transporters - Answers Proteins facilitating glucose transport across membranes.

Na+/K+-ATPase - Answers Enzyme maintaining sodium and potassium gradients.

Receptor Proteins - Answers Proteins that receive and transmit signals.

Myosin - Answers Protein involved in muscle contraction and movement.

Dynein - Answers Motor protein moving along microtubules.

Tubulin - Answers Protein forming microtubules in cells.

Actin - Answers Protein forming filaments in muscle and cell structure.

Primary Structure - Answers Linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Peptide Bond - Answers Covalent bond linking amino acids in proteins.

Secondary Structure - Answers Regular arrangement of polypeptide chain segments.

Alpha-Helix - Answers Spiral conformation stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Beta-Sheet - Answers Lateral arrangement of extended polypeptide strands.

Tertiary Structure - Answers Three-dimensional folded structure of a polypeptide.

Quaternary Structure - Answers Association of multiple polypeptide subunits.

Denaturation - Answers Loss of native conformation, disrupting protein function.

Michaelis-Menton Kinetics - Answers Model describing enzyme kinetics with hyperbolic curve.

Vmax - Answers Maximum rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

, Km - Answers Measure of substrate affinity for an enzyme.

Allosterism - Answers Regulation changing enzyme activity through ligand binding.

Cooperativity - Answers Interaction between enzyme subunits affecting activity.

Prions - Answers Infectious proteins causing conformational changes.

Zinc Finger - Answers Supersecondary structure binding zinc and DNA.

Leucine Zipper - Answers Supersecondary structure facilitating protein dimerization.

Motifs - Answers Combinations of secondary structures with specific functions.

Activation Energy - Answers Energy required to initiate a reaction.

Coenzymes - Answers Organic molecules that assist enzyme function.

Prosthetic Groups - Answers Tightly bound nonpolypeptide units in enzymes.

Cofactors - Answers Metal ions that assist enzyme activity.

NAD+ - Answers Coenzyme involved in redox reactions.

Pyridoxal Phosphate - Answers Coenzyme for transamination reactions.

Thiamine Pyrophosphate - Answers Coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylation.

Tetrahydrofolate - Answers Coenzyme for one-carbon transfer reactions.

Active Site - Answers Region where substrate binds on enzyme.

Induced Fit - Answers Conformational change enhancing substrate binding.

Transition State - Answers High-energy state before product formation.

Michaelis-Menten Model - Answers Describes enzyme kinetics with one substrate.

Zero-Order Reaction - Answers Velocity independent of substrate concentration.

First-Order Reaction - Answers Velocity proportional to substrate concentration.

Lineweaver-Burk Plot - Answers Double reciprocal plot of enzyme kinetics.

Competitive Inhibition - Answers Inhibitor competes with substrate for active site.

Noncompetitive Inhibition - Answers Inhibitor binds away from active site.

Biotin - Answers Covalently attached coenzyme for carboxylation.

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