Renaissance - answer-"Rebirth" coined by Georgio Vasari, The revival of letters, and then of art, from 14th to 16th centuries
city-states - answer-a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
printing press - answer-invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first bo...
AP EURO; RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION EXAM
Renaissance - answer-"Rebirth" coined by Georgio Vasari, The revival of letters, and then of art, from
14th to 16th centuries
city-states - answer-a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
printing press - answer-invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed
private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda;
laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all
subjects
Northern Renaissance - answer-the movement in Art in Germany and Flanders that reflected greater
religious tones; , Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church &
society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature
Protestant Reformation - answer-Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church
beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including
the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England. (p. 446)
Holy Roman Empire - answer-Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an
emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. (pp. 260, 449)
patrons - answer-People who financially supported artists.
Petrarch - answer-Known as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He lived from 1304-1374 as a cleric
and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and careful study of the classics. He resisted writing in the
Italian vernacular except for his sonnets, which were composed to his "lady love" who spoke no Latin.
Mirandola - answer-Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man was made in the image of God
before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He
also believed that there is no limits to what man can accomplish.
Baldassare Castiglione - answer-author of The Book of the Courtier which offered "how-to" advice to a
member of the court of the Renaissance
Valla - answer-An Italian humanist, rhetorician, and educator. He is best known for his textual analysis
that proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery. Also the author of On Pleasure. He defends
the pleasures of the senses as the highest good. He was the father of modern historical criticism.
Leonardo Bruni - answer-Historian who was the first to use the term "humanism, " he wrote an
extensive history of the city of Florence. Regarded as the first modern historian.
Christine de Pisan - answer-Author of "The City of Ladies" Began a new debate over the proper role of
women in society. Europe's first feminist, and well educated in France
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