PSYCH 329 Exam 1 Questions And All Correct Answers.
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PSYC 329
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PSYC 329
What is the role of producers? - Answer Role: Designing and implementing research
What is the role of consumers? - Answer Role: to apply and use the findings
Why is it important to be an informed consumer for practicing therapists? - Answer Important for EVIDENCE BASED TREATMENTS (th...
PSYCH 329 Exam 1 Questions And All
Correct Answers.
What is the role of producers? - Answer Role: Designing and implementing research
What is the role of consumers? - Answer Role: to apply and use the findings
Why is it important to be an informed consumer for practicing therapists? - Answer Important for
EVIDENCE BASED TREATMENTS (therapies that are supported by research)
How do scientist approach their work? (6) - Answer 1. Scientists are empiricist
2.Scientist test theories: the theory data cycle
3. Scientists tackle applied and basic problems
4. Scientist dig deeper
5. Scientist make it public: the publications process
6. Scientist talk to the world: from journal to journalism
Empiricism ( ska the empirical method) - Answer Using evidence from sense and from instruments that
assist the senses as the basis for conclusions
Theory-Data Cycle - Answer scientists collect data to test, change, or update their theories
Theory - Answer a set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one
another
Hypothesis - Answer predictions of outcome based on your theory
Data - Answer set of observations (do my data support or refute my hypothesis
,Data is _____ - Answer plural
What word do scientists not use? - Answer Prove
Good scientific theories are... (4) - Answer 1. are supported by data, 2. are falsifiable, 3. have
parsimony (can be explained simply), 4. don't prove anything
Basic research - Answer enhances the general body of knowledge about a topic
Applied research - Answer helps solve practical, real world problems
Translational research - Answer bridge from basic too applied Research in which findings from basic
research are then uses to develop applications
What is the publication process? 3 - Answer 1. Submit to a scientific journal
2. Peer review process 3.Based in reviews you may receive Reject Revise and resubmit Accept ( this
never happens)
Research should be evaluated on CRAPP - Answer Currency
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Purpose
Bias Blind Spot - Answer Biased about being biased People notice bias, cognition, and motivational
biases much more in others than themselves
Bias Blind Spot driving example - Answer 82% of US drivers consider themselves to be in the top 30% of
drivers
example fo a hypothesis confirming question? - Answer Asking hypothesis confirming questions like
"what would you do to liven up a party."
Confirmation Bias - Answer Tendency to interpret new evidence are confirming preexisting beliefs
How are many stereotypes confirmed? - Answer confirmation bias
example of confirmation bias? - Answer Lucky jersey and team wins confirms the belief
What is the confirmation bias baised by? - Answer Biased by motivation
availibility heuristic definition and example - Answer Being persuaded by what easily comes to mind
Hear a noise outside-> must be a serial killer
Faulty thinking bias - Answer accepting a conclusion because it just makes sense
why can we not trust our intuition? - Answer It is biased
Correlation vs causation - Answer correlation does not imply causation
It is tempting to attribute causation to something, in the reality the two may just be correlated
Why can we not accept correlation as causation? - Answer There may be.a confounding variable
Confound - Answer alternative explanations of an outcome
experience are to the same as research because of (2) - Answer 1. No comparison group 2. Confounds
, Placebo effect - Answer Any outcome that is not attributed to a specific treatment but rather to an
individuals mindset regarding the kind of treatment that she is receiving
Comparison group (control group) - Answer A group in an experiment that differs from the treatment
group in a deliberate way
theory-data cycle - Answer scientists collect data to test, change, or update their theories.
cupboard theory of mother-infant attachment - Answer s that a mother is valu- able to a baby mammal
because she is a source of food. In other words, the mother acquires positive value for the baby because
she is the "cupboard" from which food comes.
contact comfort theory ad who created it - Answer Proposed by psycholo- gist Harry Harlow (1958), is
that hunger has little to do with why a baby monkey likes to cling to the warm, fuzzy fur of its mother.
Instead, babies are attached to their mothers because of the comfort of cozy touch. This is the contact
comfort theory.
experiment around the contact comfort theory, possible outcomes,methods, and results - Answer To
test the alternative theories, Harlow had to separate the two influences—food and contact comfort. The
only way he could do so was to create "mothers" of his own. He built two monkey foster "mothers"—the
only mothers his lab-reared baby monkeys ever had. One of the mothers was made of bare wire mesh
with a bottle of milk built in. This wire mother offered food, but not comfort. The other mother was
covered with fuzzy terrycloth and was warmed by a lightbulb suspended inside, but she had no milk. This
cloth mother offered comfort, but not food.
Note that this experiment sets up three possible outcomes. The contact comfort theory would be
supported if the babies spent most of their time clinging to the cloth mother. The cupboard theory
would be supported if the babies spent most of their time clinging to the wire mother. Neither theory
would be supported if monkeys divided their time equally between the two mothers.
When Harlow put the baby monkeys in the cages with the two mothers, the evidence in favor of the
contact comfort theory was overwhelming. Harlow's data showed that the little monkeys would cling to
the cloth mother for 12-18 hours a day (Figure 1.4). When they were hungry, they would climb down,
nurse from the wire mother, and then at once go back to the warm, cozy cloth mother. In short, Harlow
used the two theories to make two specific predictions about how the monkeys would interact with each
mother. Then he used the data he recorded (how much time the monkeys spent on each mother) to
support only one of the theories.
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