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Solutions for Natural Hazards and Disasters, 6th Edition by Hyndman (All Chapters included)

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Complete Solutions Manual for Natural Hazards and Disasters, 6th Edition by Donald Hyndman, David Hyndman ; ISBN13: 9780357851579.....(Full Chapters are included and organized in reverse order from Chapter 18 to 1)...1. Natural Hazards and Disasters. 2. Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards. 3. Ea...

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9780357851579
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Natural Hazards and Disasters
6th Edition by Donald Hyndman

Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 18)

** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included

,Table of Contents are given below

1. Natural Hazards and Disasters.
2. Plate Tectonics and Physical Hazards.
3. Earthquakes and Their Causes.
4. Earthquake Predictions, Forecasts, and Mitigation.
5. Tsunami.
6. Volcanoes: Tectonic Environments and Eruptions.
7. Volcanoes: Hazards and Mitigation.
8. Landslides and Other Downslope Movements.
9. Sinkholes, Land Subsidence, and Swelling Soils.
10. Weather, Thunderstorms, and Tornadoes.
11. Climate Change: Processes and History.
12. Climate Change: Impacts and Mitigation.
13. Streams and Flood Processes.
14. Floods and Human Interactions.
15. Waves, Beaches, and Coastal Erosion.
16. Hurricanes and Nor’easters.
17. Wildfires.
18. Asteroids and Comet Impacts.

,Solutions Manual organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to
ensure that all chapters are included in this document.
(Complete Chapters included Ch18-1)

Solution and Answer Guide
HYNDMAN, NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS 6E, © 2025, 9780357851579;
CHAPTER 18: ASTEROID AND COMET IMPACTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Answers to Questions for Review .......................................................................................................1
Answers to Critical Thinking Questions ...............................................................................................2

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
1. Where do asteroids originate in space?

Answer:
Asteroids originate in the Asteroid Belt located between Mars and Jupiter.

2. What is the path of comets around the sun?

Answer:
Comets traverse our solar system, cross Earth’s path, and closely circle the sun before traversing the solar
system again.

3. Name two general kinds of meteorites and describe their composition.

Answer:
Iron meteorites consist of mostly nickel-iron alloy. Stony-iron meteorites consist of nearly equal amounts
of magnesium and iron-rich silicates minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene, in a nickel-iron matrix.

4. How fast do asteroids travel in space?

Answer:
About 15 to 25 km per second.

5. What is the sequence of events for the impact of a large asteroid immediately after it blows out of the
crater?

Answer:
Immediately after the crater is blown out, a fire is ignited within hundreds of kilometers of the impact
site. A heavy plume of smoke lingers for years in the atmosphere. A large portion of the ozone layer is
destroyed. The gases emitted produces acid rain, and the ashes block the sunlight. Agriculture is wiped
out for
a year.

1

, 6. What evidence is there that some large comets or asteroids break up on close encounter with a planet?

Answer:
Multiple impacts in a sequence. Sometimes, large rocks break up and fall as strewn field—spread out
around a the main impact site.

7. List five quite different direct physical or environmental effects of impacts of a large asteroid in addition
to the excavation of a large crater.

Answer:
Earthquakes would occur within hundreds of kilometers of the impact site. Ocean impacts would for a
tsunami. Volcanic activity may occur, and acid raid would kill vegetation and sea life around the planet.
Dust, soot from fires, and nitrogen dioxide would blot out the sun, so animals that were not incinerated
would freeze and starve to death. Temperatures would likely drop to freezing levels within a week to two
months worldwide, and widespread fires.

8. Roughly what proportion of Earth’s human population would likely be killed by impact of an asteroid 1.5
to 2 km in diameter?

Answer:
One-quarter of the people on Earth would be killed.

9. Sixty-five million years ago, a very large asteroid struck Earth. Where did it apparently happen?

Answer:
The Yucatán Peninsula of eastern Mexico.

10. What is the relationship between the size of meteorites and the number of a given size?

Answer:
There is an inverse relationship between the size of meteorites and the number of a given size. In other words,
the smaller the meteorite size, the greater number of that size.

ANSWERS TO CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1. Why should scientists look for dangerous asteroids?

Answer:
Scientists should search for dangerous asteroids to assess the potential threat they pose to Earth and
develop strategies to mitigate the risk of a catastrophic impact.

2. If a 15-km-diameter asteroid were on a collision course with Earth and you were the head of NASA, what
would you do if the president of the United States gave you complete control over actions to deal with it?
Why?

Answer:
If I were the head of NASA and faced with a 15-km-diameter asteroid on a collision course with Earth, I
would implement a multi-pronged approach to mitigate the impact. This would include deploying kinetic
impactors or a gravity tractor to divert the asteroid's trajectory, and in extreme cases, considering the use
of nuclear weapons to blast the asteroid into a new orbit. Additionally, I would prioritize efforts to
improve early detection and tracking of near-Earth objects to provide more time for effective intervention
measures.

2

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