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PSYCHOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 1-4 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 1-4 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 101 CHAPTER 1-4 EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Psychology - Answer-the scientific investigation of mental process and behavior
Scientific Method - Answer-sets of orderly steps used to analyze and solve problems
Behavioral Perspective - Answer-how behavior is learned or modified by environmental
causes (NURTURE)
Behavioral Data - Answer-reports of observation about the behavior of organisms and
the conditions under which the behavior occur
Psychodynamic Perspective - Answer-behavior is motivated by inherited instincts,
biological drives, & attempts to resolve personal conflicts between personal need and
society's demands
Cognitive Perspective - Answer-an approach that emphasizes mental process in
perception, memory, language, problem solving and other areas of behavior
Humanistic Perspective - Answer-emphasizes the individual's inherent capacity for
making rational choices and developing maximum potential
Willhelm Wundt - Answer-founding father of psychology
Biological Perspective - Answer-study of physical bases on behavior
Behavior - Answer-organisms that adjust to their environment
Standardization - Answer-using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data
collection
Hypothesis - Answer-tentative and testable statement about the relationship between
causes and consequences
Determinism - Answer-the idea that all events are determined by specific casual factors
(physical, mental, and behavioral)
Theory - Answer-organized set of concepts (used to formulate research)
Sociocultural Perspective - Answer-studies how an individual's behavior and thinking
vary across situations and cultures
Ivan Pavlov - Answer-Russian Physiologist
, Discovered classical conditioning behaviorism
Operational Definition - Answer-standardizes the meaning within an experiment, by
defining a concept in terms of the specific operations or procedures used to measure it
Independent Variable - Answer-factor manipulated and will cause changes (casual part
of the relationship)
Dependent Variable - Answer-factor affected by independent variable (what is being
measured)
Experimental Method - Answer-research methodology that involves the manipulation of
independent variables to determine their effects on the dependent variables
Confounding Variable - Answer-a variable that could produce effects that are confused,
or confounded with the effects of the independent variable
Double-blind Study - Answer-a study in which both participants and researchers are
blind to the status of participants
Placebo Effect - Answer-a phenomena in which an experimental manipulation produces
an effect because participants believe it will produce an effect
Control Group - Answer-participants in an experiment who receive a relatively neutral
condition to serve as a comparison group
Population - Answer-a group of people or animals of interest to a researcher from which
a sample is drawn
Sample - Answer-a subgroup of a population likely to be representative of the
population as a whole
Random Sample - Answer-a sample of participants selected from the population in a
relatively arbitrary manner
Correlation Coefficient - Answer-an index of the extent to which two variables are
related
Reliability - Answer-a measure's ability to produce consistent results
Validity - Answer-the extent to which a test measures the construct it attempts to assess
or a study adequately addresses the hypothesis it attempts to assess
Naturalistic Observation - Answer-observation of phenomena in its natural setting
advantage: natural environment
disadvantage: no control
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