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SOCIOL 2bb3 final exam review Study Guide Solutions Symbolic Interactionism (SI) - ANSWER-Its a micro-level perspective that focuses on individuals and small groups as a unit of analysis compared to large social processes and their relationships It addresses how society is created and maintaine...

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SOCIOL 2bb3 final exam review Study

Guide Solutions


Symbolic Interactionism (SI) - ANSWER✔✔-Its a micro-level perspective that focuses on individuals and

small groups as a unit of analysis compared to large social processes and their relationships


It addresses how society is created and maintained through the repeated meaningingful interactions

between individuals


Symbolic Interactionism (SI) what is the central idea of the approach - ANSWER✔✔-The central idea is

that individuals use systems of language and symbols to communicate with others. It also addresses how

people create, interpret, manipulate and negotiate these meanings, and how they can make sense of the

world through each unique perspective


who was Herbert Blumer & what was his connection to SI - ANSWER✔✔-He devised the term symbolic

interactionism and challenged the existing conceptualization of positivist epistemology (knowledge) and

objectivity


what was Herbert Blumer's methodological approach - ANSWER✔✔-He used a qualitative "bottom up"

approach that begins with observations to create theories and concepts


How did Herbert Blumer regard individuals - ANSWER✔✔-Like mead, he thought of individuals as

practical actors who constantly engage in mindful action, continually manipulate symptoms and

negotiate meanings, as well as react to interpretation of a situation in idiosyncratic ways




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Why is a interpretive perspective important - ANSWER✔✔-Behaviour is unpredictable, emergent and

unique to every social encounter


What is the relationship between individuals and society - ANSWER✔✔-Both are interconnected and

continually in flux/ changing




Both parts are ongoing intermediate processes of actions




Individuals are a part of and constitutive of society - they do not "stand" outside or are independent of it


Labeling Theory (LT) - ANSWER✔✔-Emerged in the 1960's




It was the lead approach to study the concept of deviance




Was a response to dominant sociological theories of deviance




It was critical of Merton's social strain theory and Sutherland's differential association




Critical of approaches that failed to consider people's reaction to deviance: ie: like how people respond

to individuals behaviour and consequences




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Critical of macro approaches because of the ignored individuals as it focuses on the social structures and

how individuals are constrained.


Type of approach (Labelling Theory) (LT) - ANSWER✔✔-The labelling theory studies social control agents,

and is under the symbolic interactionism


Tenets of Labelling Theory (LT) - ANSWER✔✔-The labelling theory supports that deviance is not simple a

straight forward violation of norms




-This is nuanced as it depends on the number of factors at play




The concern is NOT whether the behavior itself is deviant


-Because no behavior is inherently deviant


•how deviance is conceptualized, labeling process (LT) - ANSWER✔✔-It focuses on the meanings that are

attached to a behavior, idea or way of being that identified it as deviant




-It is an action, belief or way of being deviant - only when it is defined as such




-WHAT is deviant, depends on who what where when and why




--Who is doing the defining, who is being defined



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--It is informed by gender, ethnicity, class, age, sexuality, ability, cultural values, norms and beliefs




The approach focuses on the social definitions of deviance rather than the causes of deviance and the

rule making & societal reactions to rule violations




They impact the reactions that others have on rule violators


implications of being labeled (LT) - ANSWER✔✔-Someone could be stuck with the label for life, they can

be rejected and isolated by others and become a social outcast




In addition, they may internalize the deviant label




-Which could result in individuals committing more deviant acts and lead into a "career" or for the

person to adopt a deviant self


implications of stigma - what happens to the individual themselves (LT) - ANSWER✔✔-The labelling

process also involved stigmatization




-Stigma is a moral stain against individuals and a sign of social undesirability




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