BIO 377 Chapter 14 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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BIO 377 Chapter 14 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Increased arterial blood pressure reduces Na+ reabsorption by ______. (select all that apply) A. inhibiting the release of vasopressin B. inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system C. activating the renin-angiotensin-aldost...
Increased arterial blood pressure reduces Na+ reabsorption by ______.
(select all that apply)
A. inhibiting the release of vasopressin
B. inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
C. activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D. stimulating pressure natriuresis
______ _______ is responsible for active reabsorption of most of the filtered ions,
passive transport of Cl-, water, and urea, and the major site of solute secretion.
______ ________ and _________ _____ are responsible for hormonally-controlled fine-
tuning of the reabsorption and in a few cases, secretion of ions that determines the final
amounts excreted in the urine.
_____ __ _____ is responsible for reabsorption of significant quantities of water and
ions, but few other transport processes
proximal tubule/distal tubule/collecting duct/loop of henle
True or false: the epithelial cells of the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of
Henle reabsorb significant amounts of ions and water.
True
Rank substances according to their rate of excretion by the kidney from slowest to
fastest...
A. Substance C: freely filtered into Bowman's space, and 98% of amount filtered is
reabsorbed
B. Substance T: freely filtered into Bowman's space, and 100% of the amount not
filtered is secreted
C. Substance V: freely filtered into Bowman's space, and 100% of amount filtered is
reabsorbed
C, B, A
If a person drinks an excess of water, what alterations in renal handling mechanisms
will compensate to return the person to a homeostatic state?
A. secretion of water will decrease and reabsorption of water will increase
B. filtration of water will increase and reabsorption of water will decrease
C. secretion of water will decrease and reabsorption of water will decrease
,D. filtration of water will decrease and reabsorption of water will increase
E. filtration of water will increase and secretion of water will decrease
Which of the following are normally excluded from the filtrate entering Bowman's space?
A. globulins
B. charged ions, like Na+ and K+
C. albumins
D. red blood cells
E. glucose
F. fatty acids bound to plasma proteins
Filtration of materials from the blood into the Bowman's capsule is favored by the
relatively high ______ pressure of the ________ ________
hydrostatic/glomerular capillaries
Which variable is normally NOT a significant determinant of the net glomerular filtration
pressure?
A. protein osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries
B. protein osmotic pressure in Bowman's capsule
C. hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries
D. hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule
The volume of fluid filtered from renal glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsules per
unit of time is referred to as the ______ _______ ____
glomerular filtration rate
Which of these results in a decreased renal blood flow and an increase in glomerular
filtration rate?
A. dilation of afferent arterioles
B. constriction of afferent arterioles
C. dilation of efferent arterioles
D. constriction of efferent arterioles
If a substance undergoes net tubular reabsorption in the kidney, its _______ ____ will
be greater than its _______ ____
filtered load/excretion rate
With regard to tubular reabsorption by the kidney, which of the following is generally
incorrect?
A. filtered loads of useful substances like organic nutrients and ions are so small that
the reabsorption rates are quite small
B. the reabsorption rate for water and many ions are under physiological control
, C. more than 90% of filtered organic nutrients and ions are normally reabsorbed
D. filtered loads of most substances are significantly greater than the amounts taken
into the body each day
E. reabsorption rates of filtered waste products are generally much smaller than for
organic nutrients and ions
The epithelial cell membrane region facing the renal interstitium is called the _________
membrane
Basolateral
What is the mode of transport by which glucose, amino acids, and other organic
substances are moved from the renal filtrate into renal epithelial cells with Na+?
secondary active transport
The rate of tubular reabsorption at which all carrier-mediated transporters for a given
solute are fully saturated is called the _______ __________.
transport maximum
Substances can be excreted at a higher rate than they are filtered by the kidney if they
are secreted by ______ ________.
nephron tubules
Which is TRUE about filtration by the renal corpuscles?
A. most of the plasma entering the kidney in the renal artery does not get filtered into
Bowman's capsule
B. most of the plasma entering the kidney in the renal artery is filtered into Bowman's
capsule
C. None of the plasma entering the kidney in the renal artery gets filtered into Bowman's
capsule
D. All of the plasma entering the kidney in the renal artery is filtered into Bowman's
capsule
The glomerular filtrate normally contains _____ _______, but no cells and few
________.
small solutes/proteins
Dilation of the _______ arterioles and constriction of the _______ arterioles would result
in increased glomerular filtration rate.
afferent/efferent
_____, compared to other substances filtered at the glomerulus, undergoes the smallest
fractional reabsorption by the kidney.
Urea
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