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CASE STUDY ALCOHOLISM WITH DETAILS SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ INTRODUCTION: Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinker's health, personal relationships, and...

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CASE STUDY ALCOHOLISM WITH DETAILS SOLUTIONS

GRADED A++




INTRODUCTION:

Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive

and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinker's

health, personal relationships, and social standing. It is medically considered a disease,

specifically a neurological disorder, and in medicine several other terms are used, specifically

"alcohol abuse" and "alcohol dependence" which have more specific definitions.[1] In 1979 an

expert World Health Organization committee discouraged the use of "alcoholism" in medicine,

preferring the category of "alcohol dependence syndrome".[2] In the 19th and early 20th

centuries, alcohol dependence in general was called dipsomania, but that term now has a much

more specific meaning.[3] People suffering from alcoholism are often called "alcoholics". Many

other terms, some of them insulting or informal, have been used throughout history. The World

Health Organization estimates that there are 140 million people with alcoholism worldwide.[4][5]


Alcoholism is called a "dual disease" since it includes both mental and physical components.[6]

The biological mechanisms that cause alcoholism are not well understood. Social environment,

stress,[7] mental health, family history, age, ethnic group, and gender all influence the risk for the

condition.[8][9] Long-term alcohol abuse produces changes in the brain's structure and chemistry

such as tolerance and physical dependence. These changes maintain the person with alcoholism's

,compulsive inability to stop drinking and result in alcohol withdrawal syndrome if the person

stops.[10] Alcohol damages almost every organ in the body, including the brain. The cumulative

toxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse can cause both medical and psychiatric problems.[11]


Identifying alcoholism is difficult because of the social stigma associated with the disease that

causes people with alcoholism to avoid diagnosis and treatment for fear of shame or social

consequences. The evaluation responses to a group of standardized questioning is a common

method for diagnosing alcoholism. These can be used to identify harmful drinking patterns,

including alcoholism.[12] In general, problem drinking is considered alcoholism when the person

continues to drink despite wanting to stop because of social or health problems caused by

drinking.[13]


Treatment of alcoholism takes several steps. Because of the medical problems that can be caused

by withdrawal, alcohol detoxification is carefully controlled and may involve medications such

as benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium).[14] People with alcoholism also sometimes have

other addictions, including addictions to benzodiazepines, which may complicate this step.[15]

After detoxification, other support such as group therapy or self-help groups are used to help the

person remain sober.[16][17] Thombs (1999) states according to behavioural sciences alcoholism is

described as a “maladaptive behaviour”. He explains this must not be confused with

“misbehaviour”. Behavioural scientists explain that addicts have a behaviour pattern that may

lead to destructive consequences for themselves, their families and society. This does not label

addicts as bad or irresponsible.[18] Compared with men, women are more sensitive to alcohol's

harmful physical, cerebral, and mental effects.[19]

, Long-term misuse


Some of the possible long-term effects of ethanol an individual may develop. Additionally, in

pregnant women, alcohol can cause fetal alcohol syndrome.


Alcoholism is characterised by an increased tolerance of and physical dependence on alcohol,

affecting an individual's ability to control alcohol consumption safely. These characteristics are

believed to play a role in impeding an alcoholic's ability to stop drinking.[10] Alcoholism can have

adverse effects on mental health, causing psychiatric disorders and increasing the risk of suicide.

The onset of depression is a common symptom.[20][21]


Physical


Long-term alcohol abuse can cause a number of physical symptoms, including cirrhosis of the

liver, pancreatitis, epilepsy, polyneuropathy, alcoholic dementia, heart disease, nutritional

deficiencies, peptic ulcers[22] and sexual dysfunction, and can eventually be fatal. Other physical

effects include an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, malabsorption, alcoholic

liver disease, and cancer. Damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

can occur from sustained alcohol consumption.[23][24]


Women develop long-term complications of alcohol dependence more rapidly than do men.

Additionally, women have a higher mortality rate from alcoholism than men.[25] Examples of

long-term complications include brain, heart, and liver damage[26] and an increased risk of breast

cancer. Additionally, heavy drinking over time has been found to have a negative effect on

reproductive functioning in women. This results in reproductive dysfunction such as anovulation,

decreased ovarian mass, problems or irregularity of the menstrual cycle, and early menopause.[25]

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