N1I02 Midterm/Exam Study Set
Questions And Answers Graded A+!!!
medical health model - ANS Lays emphasis on medical intervention in restoring health.
behavioural health model - ANS This was as a result of Lalonde's report of 1974 "A new
perspective to the health of Canadians". It defined health determinants as environment, lifestyle,
human biology and organization of health care. Responsibility of health was placed on individual
by practicing healthy behaviour.
socioenvironmental health model - ANS Criticized lifestyle determinant of health as it was
believed to be practiced by well educated, well employed and higher income Canadians. Argued
that health behaviours could not be separated from social contexts in which they occur. Ottawa
Charter (1986) for health promotion identified prerequisites of health as shelter, education, food,
income, social and political contexts, Health responsibility was placed on society.
health belief health model - ANS Perception of seriousness of health problem and its
susceptibility.Serves as cues to action.
health promotion - ANS the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of
social and environmental interventions.
primary prevention - ANS Activities to protect against a disease before signs and
symptoms occur such as immunization, reduction of risk factors etc.
secondary prevention - ANS Activities that promotes early detection of disease once
pathogenesis has occured for prompt treatment in order to limit disability e.g preventive
screening for cancer, blood pressure screening to detect hypertension.
tertiary prevention - ANS Activities initiated at convalescent stage of disease. Its directed
toward minimizing residual disability and helping people live productively with limitations.
nursing - ANS collaborative care of people of all ages, families, groups, and communities,
sick or well. Needs to include promotion of health, illness prevention, and the care of ill,
disabled, and dying individuals.
,Professionalism - ANS Qualities or typical features of a profession or professional. A
collection of attitudes and actions; it suggests knowledge and technical skill.
College of Nurses of Ontario - ANS the governing body for RNs, RPNs, and LPs in Ontario,
Canada. They assess concerns about conduct and competence of nurses in order to protect the
public.
practice standards - ANS use to support the workers in providing them with a safe and
ethical care
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) - ANS professional organization
representing RNs in Ontario. They are a credible, strong voice leading the nursing profession to
influence and promote healthy public policy
Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) - ANS The Canadian Nurses Association promotes
profession-led regulation in the publics interest. They provide national and international
leadership in nursing and health. The CNA also advocates in the publics interest for a publicly
funded, non-profit health care system.
Canadian Nurses Students Association(CNSA) - ANS The Canadian Nurses Students
Association influence and advance innovation in the nursing curriculum and research. They are
involved in strengthening linkages and creating new partnerships. Another one of their
objectives is to be the primary resource for nursing students.The CNSA is important in ensuring
that nursing students have a say in what their experience is like at their respective education
institution they attend, and in their profession as a whole.
McMaster Undergraduate Nursing Student Society (MUNSS) - ANS describes themselves
as a council run by the students for the students. Represents the BScN students from the
Mcmaster, Mohawk and Conestoga sites. They speak on behalf of the Mcmaster nursing
students to make changes happen.
Unregulated care provider (UCP) - ANS An unregulated worker who performs multiple
tasks, some of which may traditionally have been performed by regulated health care
professionals., personal support worker, nursing aide, nurse extender, and unlicensed assistive
personnel.
CNO Quality Assurance (QA) Program - ANS Program is based on the principle that
lifelong learning is essential to continuing competence. Every nurse registered in the General or
Extended classes is required by law to participate in this program.
Learning Plan - ANS A way to meet a learning goal identified through a self-assessment.
The plan will take into account the following: Learning objectives, indicators that identify when
the goal is met, available resources, and a target finish date.
,clinical judgement - ANS "an interpretation or conclusion about a patient's needs, concerns
or health problems, and/or the decision to take action (or not), use or modify standard
approaches, or improvise new ones as deemed appropriate by the patient's response" (Tanner,
2006, p. 204)
clinical reasoning - ANS "...the process by which...nurses make their judgments, and
includes both the deliberate process of generating alternatives, weight them against the
evidence, and choosing the most appropriate, and those patterns that might be characterized as
engaged, practical reasoning..
(Tanner, 206, p. 204-205)
Tanner's Model of Nursing - ANS Noticing, interpreting, responding, reflecting
noticing - ANS referred to as the initial grasp of the clinical situation. It does not stem from
assessment, rather from the function of a nurse's expectation of the situation. (Thinking Like a
Nurse article, p.208) → general survey for example
interpreting - ANS the collection of data, and recognition of a reasoning pattern. Reasoning
patterns include: analytic, intuitive, narrative (Thinking Like a Nurse article, p. 208-209) →
deciding what to do before you do anything
responding - ANS an appropriate course of action (Thinking Like a Nurse article, p. 208)
reflection-in-action - ANS "refers to nurse's ability to read the patient -- how he or she is
responding to the nursing intervention-- and adjust the interventions based on that assessment"
(Thinking Like a Nurse article, p. 209)
reflection-on-action - ANS (clinical learning): "showing what nurses gain from their
experience contributes to their ongoing clinical knowledge development and their
capacity for clinical judgement in future situations" (Thinking Like a Nurse article, p. 209)
empathy - ANS Ability to understand and accept another person's reality.
praxis - ANS A dialogue representing the dynamic interaction between theorizing and
clinical practice.
scientific paradigm - ANS a series of scientific and practical assumptions about the world,
also known as a conceptual framework
therapeutic use of self - ANS -Definition: the practitioner's conscious, planned interaction
with the individual, family members, significant others, and/or caregivers (the conscious,
planned use of one's personality, unique characteristics, perceptions and insights during the
therapeutic process
, therapeutic use of self - ANS "Expression of personal knowledge and knowing in nursing
practice that is integrated with emancipatory, ethical, empiric and aesthetic knowledge and
knowing."
active listening - ANS means to be attentive to what the patient is saying both verbal and
nonverbal assertiveness
active listening - ANS Allows individuals to act in their own best interests without infringing
on or denying the rights of other people, and conveys self-assurance and respect for others.
boundaries - ANS The point at which the relationship changes from professional and
therapeutic to unprofessional and personal. Crossing a _____ means that the care provider is
misusing the power in the relationship to meet her/his personal needs, rather than the needs of
the client, or behaving in an unprofessional manner with the client.
body language - ANS All of the conscious or unconscious messages your body sends as
you communicate, such as facial expressions, shrugging your shoulders, and wringing your
hands.
clarifying statements - ANS To check whether understanding is accurate, restate an
unclear or ambiguous message to clarify the sender's meaning. (Potter and Perry pg 256)
closed-ended questions - ANS Limit the patient's answers to one or two words such as
"yes" or "no" or a number or frequency of a symptom
constructive feedback - ANS is the message returned by the receiver, in order for it to be
effective the sender and receiver must be sensitive and open to each other's messages, clarify
the messages and modify behaviour accordingly. (potter and perry pg 246)
empathy - ANS is the expression of understanding, validating and resonating with the
meaning that the health care experience holds for the client. In nursing it includes appropriate
emotional distance from the client to ensure objectivity and an appropriate professional
response. (practice standard article, pg 3)
focusing statements - ANS A technique used to guide the direction of the conversation
back to important areas- focusing centres on the key elements or concepts of a message if a
patient is vague or rambling. Ex "We've talked a lot about your medications, but let's look more
closely at the trouble you're having in taking them on time" (Potter, pg 256)
interpersonal communication - ANS is the one to one interaction between the nurse and
the patient that often occurs face to face. It is the level most frequently used in nursing practice.
It takes place within a social context and includes all the symbols and cues used to give and
receive meaning. (Potter, pg 245)
