Marriage & Family Therapy Comprehensive Exam Study Guide With Complete Correct Solutions
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Marriage & Family Therapy
Analog / Non-verbal Communication: - ANSWER-Non-verbal + Context
- Voice, body language, facial expression all indicate the sender's meaning & intention
Autopoiesis: - ANSWER-A system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself.
Boundaries: - ANSWER-- Allow the family system to accept usef...
Marriage & Family Therapy Comprehensive
Exam Study Guide With Complete Correct
Solutions
Analog / Non-verbal Communication: - ANSWER-Non-verbal + Context
- Voice, body language, facial expression all indicate the sender's meaning & intention
Autopoiesis: - ANSWER-A system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself.
Boundaries: - ANSWER-- Allow the family system to accept useful information and
screen out unacceptable information.
- Open: No distinction made between systems
- Rigid: Permits little contact with outside subsystems, resulting in disengagement
- Diffused: Permeable and permit easy interaction/influence with other subsystems, but
can result in enmeshment
- Healthy families have clear boundaries to protect the separateness and autonomy and
permeable enough to ensure mutual support and affection.
Child-Centered Family: - ANSWER-All revolves around the child.
Circular vs. Linear Causality: - ANSWER-- Linear: A influences B, but B does not
influence A
- Circular: Reciprocal. A & B are in dynamic interaction. Ex: "When I treat you like a
child, you behave like a child."
Circumplex Model: - ANSWER-- Cohesion: Across the top. Low to high. Left to right.
Ranges from Disengaged to Separated to Connected to Enmeshed.
- Flexibility: On the side. High to Low. Top to Bottom. Ranges from Chaotic to Flexible to
Structured to Rigid.
Context: - ANSWER-- Closely associated with Non-verbal Communication.
- The context in which something was said.
- A change in context indicated a change in the rules of a relationship.
- To change behavior we try to facilitate change through a change in context.
Closed vs. Open Systems: - ANSWER-- Open and closed-ness refers to the boundaries
a family established around & between the family systems & other systems.
- Open: Allows for greater input from others.
- Closed: Less input from others.
Complementary: - ANSWER-- A relationship in which members are using opposite
behavior in an attempt to narrow down the # of possible next moves by the other.
,- Unilateral efforts to regulate
Consensual Domains: - ANSWER-- Mutual interactions that change the system.
- The observer is part of the observed. (Second order)
"When participants in a relationship interact with each other, a particular reality is
created as a result of their interaction."
Counter Paradox: - ANSWER-- Disrupting paradoxical behavior in a family.
- "No change" is an example of this behavior.
- Therapeutic double blinds used to warn against premature change which allow the
family to feel more "acceptable" and un-blamed for how they behave.
- Goal is to help family discover & counter paradoxical patterns, thereby interrupting
their repetitive and unproductive habits/behaviors.
Digital / Verbal Communication: - ANSWER-- Digital = Words or labels used to transmit
information.
Disengagement: - ANSWER-- A process of disengagement from social life that people
experience as they age and become elderly
Double-Bind: - ANSWER-- Two conflicting messages being sent at the same time.
Entropy: - ANSWER-- Tendency to move toward randomness or an undifferentiated
state, which can lead to disorder & loss of distinction. Refers to the lack of energy &
useful information in a system.
- Conversely, NEGATIVE ENTROPY, describes a move away from disorder towards an
appropriated state of order & balance.
Enmeshment: - ANSWER-- A relationship between two or more people in which
personal boundaries are permeable and unclear.
Epistemology of Participation: - ANSWER-- All knowledge is subjective.
- Reality in a family is a co-creation.
- As the therapist, you do not drive, are not the expert & do not get to decide how the
family should behave.
Equi-finality: - ANSWER-- Many ways to get to the same place.
- Systems therapy focuses on what is rather than how it came to be by examining the
system patterns, communication & processes as they are.
- The problem is maintained by attempting to resolve in in the same old unsuccessful
way.
Extended Family: - ANSWER-Extends beyond the nuclear family.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
1st - Infancy - Oral Sensory - ANSWER-- Basic Trust vs. Mistrust.
- child is total helpless.
,- Trust is developing.
- Mother's trust in herself & her child is communicated to the infant.
- Virtue is Hope which forms the foundation for faith.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
2nd - Early Childhood - Muscular - Anal - ANSWER-- Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt.
- Related to muscular maturation & ability to hold & let go.
- Learns to exert control over self & others.
- Shame is related to being caught with pants down.
- Doubt is related to awareness of having a front & a back.
- Virtue is Will.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
3rd - Play Age Locomotor - Genital - ANSWER-- Initiative vs. Guilt.
- Increased mobility, inquisitiveness & language.
- Eager to learn & master.
- Direction & purpose.
- Conscience & self-regulation.
- Virtue is Purpose.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
4th - School Age - Latency - ANSWER-- Industry vs. Inferiority.
- Entrance into outside world & school.
- New sense of evaluation of accomplishment.
- Attitudes & opinions of accomplishment.
- Inferiority is a result of failure to achieve the respect of parents of teachers.
- Virtue is Competence.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
5th - Adolescence - ANSWER-- Identity vs. Identity Confusion.
- Integration of past experiences into new whole.
- Try on new roles.
- Crucial stage.
- Doubts about sexual attractiveness or identity.
- Over-identification.
- Under-identification.
- Virtue is Fidelity.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
6th - Young Adulthood - ANSWER-- Intimacy vs. Isolation.
- Sense of independence.
- Connection with a mutually committed love partner.
- Isolation results of inability to commit to relationships.
- Virtue is Love.
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
, 7th - Adulthood - ANSWER-- Generativity vs. Stagnation.
- Spans most of adult years.
- Tied to creativity.
- Concern for guiding the following generation.
- Virtue is Care (need to be needed. If not narcissism and self-absorption set it.)
Erickson's Developmental Tasks:
8th - Old Age - ANSWER-- Ego Integrity vs. Despair.
- Dealing with ultimate concerns.
- Acceptance of a unique lifestyle with it's own success & failures.
- Integrity involves acceptance of other worldviews & looks at world problems in a more
comprehensive way.
- Lack of self acceptance leads to despair.
Virtue to Wisdom.
Family Life Cycle
Stage 1 - Unattached Adult - ANSWER-- Accepting Parent - Offspring
- Differentiation from Family of Origin.
- Development of peer relations.
- Initiation of career.
Family Life Cycle
Stage 2 - Newly Married Couple - ANSWER-- Commitment to the Marriage.
- Formation of marital system.
- Making room for spouse with family & friends.
Family Life Cycle
Stage 3 - Childbearing - ANSWER-- Accepting new members into the system.
- Adjusting marriage to make room.
- Taking on parenting roles.
- Making room for grandparents.
Family Life Cycle
Stage 4 - Pre-school - ANSWER-- Accepting the new personality.
- Adjusting family to needs of the child.
- Coping with energy drain & lack of privacy.
Family Life Cycle
Stage 5 - School Age Child - ANSWER-- Allowing child to establish relationships out of
the family.
- Extending family interactions with society.
- Encouraging educational achievement.
Family Life Cycle
Stage 6 - Teenage Child - ANSWER-- Increasing flexibility of family boundaries to allow
child's independence.
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