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Public Law - ️️includes matters that involve the regulation of society government official represents the people constitutional law: involves interpretation and application of either federal or state constitutions administrative law: covers the legal principles that apply to government agen...

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LEGL 2700 FINAL EXAM
Public Law - ✔️✔️includes matters that involve the regulation of society
government official represents the people
constitutional law: involves interpretation and application of either federal or state
constitutions
administrative law: covers the legal principles that apply to government agencies
criminal law: specifies various offenses against the proper oder of the state

Sociological Law - ✔️✔️law can and should change to meet new developments
ex: 2nd Amendment was written when a person that was highly trained only had means
of a 25lb rifle that could only fire 2 rounds a minute

Common Law - ✔️✔️emphasizes the roles of judges in determining the meanings of
laws and how they apply
judicial decisions become precedents
judges can invalidate legislation

Law - ✔️✔️intended to tell members of a society what they can and cannot do
made of of rules and these rules are laid down by the state and backed up by
enforcement

Rule of Law - ✔️✔️laws that are made generally and equally applicable
apply to all members of society / nobody is above the law

Property - ✔️✔️ownership
the right to turn to public authorities to help you keep others from interfering with what
you own
private (own as an individual)
common (joint ownership like land)

Exclusionary Right - ✔️✔️property included an ownership of individual constitutional
and human rights in ourselves that excludes the state from interfering with these rights
(John Locke)

Jurisprudence - ✔️✔️philosophies of law
natural, positive, historical, sociological, legal realism

Natural Law - ✔️✔️law contains universal moral principles
observable in nature and determined through human reason
John Locke
formalism

,Positive Law - ✔️✔️the commands of the state backed by force and punishment
Jeremy Bentham
consequentialism

Historical School - ✔️✔️emphasizes that contemporary law should focus on legal
principles that have withstood the test of time in a nation
different nations may have different traditions and laws
Friedrich Savigny

Legal Realism - ✔️✔️enforce, interpret, and apply
"law is what officials do about it"
ex: speed limit

Classifications of Law - ✔️✔️common law vs. civil law
public law vs. private law
criminal law vs. civil law
substantive law vs. procedural law

Civil Law - ✔️✔️relies more on legislation than judicial decisions for law
similar to common in that courts decide the facts in a disputed case BUT these courts
do not necessarily follow precedents
judges don't play as large of a role

Private Law - ✔️✔️covers those legal problems and issues that concern your private
resource relationships with other people
property law: involves recognition of exclusive right in tangible and intangible resources
contract law: covers the rules of how owners transfer resources by exchanging them
tort law: establishes rules for compensation when an owner's legal boundaries are
wrongfully crossed

Criminal Law - ✔️✔️involve a representative of government attempting to prove the
wrong committed against society
involves punishment of wrongdoer

Civil Law - ✔️✔️may include suits for breach of contract or tort cases
involves a request for damages or appropriate relief that does not involve punishment of
wrongdoer

Substantive Law - ✔️✔️defines the legal relationship of people with other people or
between them and the state

Procedural Law - ✔️✔️deals with method and means by which substantive law is made
and administered

,ex: time allowed for a party to sue

Federal Law - ✔️✔️any law that conflicts with the Constitution is said to be void and
has no legal effect
legislation, also called "acts" or "suits"

State Law - ✔️✔️all federal law prevails over state law
hierarchy of law sources: state constitution, statutes or acts, regulatory law, and
county/city ordinances

Case Law - ✔️✔️interpret the relevant constitutional, legislative, and regulatory laws
precedents
advantages: "stare decisis" - let the prior decision stand
disadvantages: huge volume of cases, conflicting precedents, dicta (whatever else the
court said), rejection of the precedent, conflicts of law (varying state laws)

Law Hierarchy - ✔️✔️US Constitution and Amendments
statutes of Congress
federal administration regulation
state constitutions
state statutes
state administration regulation
local ordinances
case law

Corporation - ✔️✔️a business chartered by the state to do business as a legal person
in a certain form of organization

Corporate Governance - ✔️✔️refers to the legal rules that structure, empower, and
regulate the agents of corporations and define the relationships to the owners
protect property interests that the owners have in corporations
need for this because of economic collapse in 2008

Ethics and Society - ✔️✔️changing normative values
economic interdependence
news media and the internet

Ethics and Government - ✔️✔️government regulates business when there are ethical
failures
companies have incentive to be ethical
self-regulation

Morals - ✔️✔️the collection of values that guides human behavior

Ethics - ✔️✔️principles of right conduct

, The Good - ✔️✔️moral goals and objectives we choose to pursue

Ethics & Law - ✔️✔️many ethical values are not enforced by the state and many laws
do not address ethical concerns

Formalism - ✔️✔️affirms an absolute morality
a particular act in itself is right or wrong
duty - moral obligation
Immanuel Kant - categorical imperative: you have a moral duty to act in the way you
believe everyone should act

Social Contract Theory - ✔️✔️how to construct a just society given the many
inequalities of wealth, knowledge, and social status
John Rawls
everyone is entitled to equal basic rights

Consequentialism - ✔️✔️concerned with moral consequences of actions rather than
the morality of the actions themselves
ex: loss of trust after someone lies
focuses on the common good

Utilitarianism - ✔️✔️judges actions by usefulness, by whether they serve to increase
the common good

Liberty and Rights - ✔️✔️natural law type of thinking and historically connected to the
legal concept of private property

Good Faith - ✔️✔️"honesty in intent"
uniform commercial code - all sales must be carried out in good faith

Due Care - ✔️✔️derives from society's expectations about how fair and reasonable
actions are
used often with negligence cases

The Court System - ✔️✔️judges, juries, lawyers, federal courts, supreme courts

Judges - ✔️✔️trial judges: decide questions of law
justices / appellate judges: appeal and give reasons for decisions (precedents)
strengths: highly skilled experts, often protected from political pressure, job stability
promotes objectivity
weaknesses: not always representative of the population, lack of accountability

Juries - ✔️✔️fact finding body
petit jury: the trial jury that returns a verdict in both situations

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