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NUR 306 FINAL Question and answers correctly solved inflammation - correct answer protective tissue response that involves the destruction of damaged tissue and begins the process of repair local manifestations of inflammation - correct answer heat, redness, swelling, pain, can be acute ...

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  • 18 november 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
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  • nur 306 final question and answers correctly solve

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NUR 306 FINAL Question and answers
correctly solved
inflammation - correct answer ✔protective tissue response that involves the
destruction of damaged tissue and begins the process of repair


local manifestations of inflammation - correct answer ✔heat, redness,
swelling, pain, can be acute or chronic


_______ is the systemic response to infection - correct answer ✔sepsis


_____ are a manifestation of systemic inflammation - correct answer ✔chills


pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: interleukin-1 - correct answer ✔a potent
pro-inflammatory cytokine that, in vitro, is capable of inducing chondrocytes
and synovial cells to synthesize MMPs; also suppresses the synthesis of type
II collagen and proteoglycans, and inhibits the transforming growth factor-beta
stimulated chondrocyte stimulation leading to the degeneration of articular
cartilage


pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: MMPS (matrix metallo proteinases) - correct
answer ✔the primary enzymes responsible for the degradations of articular
cartilage


What is osteoarthritis? - correct answer ✔chronic condition characterized by
the breakdown of the joint's cartilage which causes the bones to rub against
each other, causing stiffness, pain and loss of movement in the joint; also
called degenerative joint disease


what is the most common type of arthritis? - correct answer ✔osteoarthritis

,what are the primary causes of OA? - correct answer ✔- aging
- genetic changes
- obesity
- smoking


manifestations of OA - correct answer ✔- deep, aching joint pain particularly
after exercise or weight bearing that is usually relieved by rest
- asymmetrical joint involvement
- stiffness in the morning and after exercise (relieved by rest)
- altered gait from contractures


labs for OA: ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - correct answer ✔-
reveals inflammatory activity in your body
- is NOT a stand alone diagnostic tool
- blood in tube is observed as it gradually settles to the bottom; infection will
alter proteins in the blood, thus making the RBCs clump together and
sediment faster
- the distance that RBCs fall in one hour indirectly measures the level of
inflammation


labs for OA: CRP (C-Reactive Protein) - correct answer ✔- protein found in
the plasma that is produced by the liver
- will increase when an inflammatory process is occurring within the body


nursing interventions for OA: pain control - correct answer ✔- tylenol (DOC)
- aspercreme
- NSAIDS

,- check CBC, kidney and liver functions


nursing interventions for OA: non-pharmacologic - correct answer ✔- rest
- positioning
- thermal modalities
- weight control
- TENS (e-stem)
- heat (lowers muscle tension & pain) x 15-20 mins
- cold (numbs nerve endings and decreases inflammation)
- stem cell therapy


What steroid is most commonly used to treat osteoarthritis? - correct answer
✔prednisone, but steroids are not indicated for OA, so we would use tylenol &
aspercreme + other non- pharmacological measures FIRST


gouty arthritis (gout) - correct answer ✔inflammatory arthritis caused by
monosodium urate monohydrate crystal deposits; classified as primary or
secondary


primary gout - correct answer ✔- high uric acid levels
- decreased renal excretion of uric acid
- genetic defect in purine metabolism (hyperuricemia)
- heredity factors
- over-secretion of uric acid


secondary gout associate with drugs - correct answer ✔thiazide diuretics
and cyclosporine

, secondary gout caused by other diseases - correct answer ✔- diabetes
mellitus
- HTN


What does the client need to know about how gout manifests? - correct
answer ✔uric acid crystals collect in the joint of the great toe and cause
inflammation; the kidney excretes uric acid, an end product if metabolism


pathophysiology of gout - correct answer ✔uric acid crystalizes in the blood
or body fluids and the precipitate accumulates in the connective tissue;
crystals trigger an immune response; neutrophils secrete lysosomes for
phagocytosis, damaging tissues and exacerbating the immune response


preferred diet for gout - correct answer ✔strict low purine diet - avoid red &
organ meats, shellfish and oily fish like sardines


treatment for gout - correct answer ✔- NSAIDS (motrin)
- allopurinol (Zyloprim - DOC)
- colchicine for immediate treatment in acute attack


Action of Allopurinol (Zyloprim) - correct answer ✔inhibits the production of
uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase thus lowering serum uric
acid levels


client education/nursing interventions for allopurinol (zyloprim) - correct
answer ✔- take with 8 oz of water to decrease incidence of kidney
dysfunction and urinary stones
- assess and monitor I/O, renal and liver function, and serum uric acid levels
regularly

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