ACS Chemistry Showdown 2024: Battle of the Basics – Study Guide
Get ready to tackle the fundamentals! This exam covers key topics from general chemistry, including atomic structure, periodic trends, bonding, stoichiometry, and chemical reactions. Master the essentials of thermochemistry, solut...
the physical material of the universe. It is anything that has mass
and occupies space. - Precise Answer ✔✔Matter
is made up of relatively few elements. - Precise Answer
✔✔Matter
The smallest building block of matter. Smallest particle that
retains the chemical property of the element (O, He, S). - Precise
Answer ✔✔Atom
Each _______ is made of the same kind of atom - Precise
Answer ✔✔Element
Combination of atoms held together in specific shapes - Precise
Answer ✔✔Molecule
No fixed volume or shape, conforms to
volume and shape of container, is compressible - Precise
Answer ✔✔Gas
,Individual particles are confined to a given volume, liquid flows
(no definite shape) and assumes the shape of its container up to
the volume of the liquid, slightly compressible - Precise Answer
✔✔Liquid
Rigid with definite shape, very slightly compressible - Precise
Answer ✔✔Solid
these stable diatomics - Precise Answer ✔✔H2,O2, N2, and the
Halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)
Different samples of any pure compound contain the same
elements in the same proportion by mass - Precise Answer
✔✔Law of Constant (Definite) Composition
characteristics of a substance. Can be observed without
changing a substance into another substance - Precise Answer
✔✔Physical Properties
Describes the reactivity of a substance. Can only be observed
when a substance is changed into another substance - Precise
Answer ✔✔Chemical properties:
,Does not depend on amount. - Precise Answer ✔✔Intensive
property :
Depends on amount. - Precise Answer ✔✔Extensive property
Substances transform into chemically different substances -
Precise Answer ✔✔Chemical change
No change in chemical composition - Precise Answer
✔✔Physical change
How close to the true value a given measurement is. - Precise
Answer ✔✔Accuracy
How well a number of independent measurements agree with
one another. - Precise Answer ✔✔Precision
Electrons were discovered by ______ in 1897, while
Millikan's Oil Drop experiment determined its charge.
• Neutrons were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. -
Precise Answer ✔✔J.J. Thompson
, Postulated a very small, dense nucleus with the electrons around
the outside of the atom. Most of the volume of the atom is empty
space. - Precise Answer ✔✔Rutherford
Protons were discovered by______in 1919. - Precise Answer
✔✔Rutherford
Neutrons were discovered by________ in 1932. - Precise
Answer ✔✔James Chadwick
1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and
indestructible.
2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and
properties
3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more
different kinds of atoms.
4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. - Precise
Answer ✔✔Dalton's Atomic Theory
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