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PHS3300 NEURO FINAL Exam Study Guide

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©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS 11/16/2024 10:16 AM 1 | P a g e PHS3300 NEURO FINAL Exam Study Guide. Autonomic nervous system - answermaintains homeostasis in the body somatic nervous system - answercontrols voluntary movements of skeletal muscles brain is composed of: - answerbrainstem, dienc...

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©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/16/2024 10:16 AM


PHS3300 NEURO FINAL Exam Study
Guide.


Autonomic nervous system - answer✔maintains homeostasis in the body

somatic nervous system - answer✔controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

brain is composed of: - answer✔brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum and cerebrum

Brainstem - answer✔medulla, pons, and midbrain

Diencephalon - answer✔Thalamus and hypothalamus

Cerebrum - answer✔basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

Cerebrospinal fluid function - answer✔provides cushion for brain and spinal cord

Cerebrospinal fluid contains - answer✔electrolytes, glucose and protein concentrations

The cerebrospinal fluid flows through - answer✔ventricles into subarachnoid space

Why is an increase of fluids in the brain (CSF & blood) bad? - answer✔The fluids are not
compressible and the additional mass increases pressure in the brain

Increased intracranial pressure can lead to - answer✔brain hemorrhage, trauma, cerebral
edema, infection, tumors, abnormal circulation of CSF

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure include - answer✔- decreasing level of
consciousness and responsiveness
- decreased pupillary responses
- severe headache
-vomiting
- papilledema (edema of eye fundus: blurred/ loss of vision)



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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/16/2024 10:16 AM

Why does increased intracranial pressure cause headaches? - answer✔The pressure causes
stretching of dura and walls of large blood vessels

Why does increased intracranial pressure cause vomiting? - answer✔The pressure stimulates
the emetic centers in the medulla

Why does increased intracranial pressure cause papilledema? - answer✔The increased pressure
causes the optic disc to swell

Increased ICP can lead to to development of - answer✔cerebral ischemia

Increased ICP systemic vasoconstriction with - answer✔increase of systemic blood pressure to
provide more blood to the brain to relieve ischemia

Increased ICP causes baroreceptor response due to - answer✔increased blood pressure by
slowing heart rate

Increased ICP causes chemoreceptor responses to - answer✔respond to low CO2 levels by
reducing respiratory rate

ICP continues to rise therefore: - answer✔blood pressure rises

Pressure of CSF is elevated when - answer✔ICP is increased

ICP produces specimen by - answer✔lumbar puncture

Pink CSF is an indicator of a - answer✔hemorrhage


pink colour is due to erythrocytes

Yellow CSF indicates an - answer✔infection


yellow colour is due to white blood cells

Abnormal protein levels in CSF indicates a - answer✔neoplasm
(abnormal growth of tissue)

What is the appearance of normal CSF - answer✔clear and colorless

What is the normal pressure of CSF? - answer✔9-14 mmHg or 150mm H2O

What is the normal quantity of RBCs and WBCs found in CSF? - answer✔RBCS - none/ absent
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS

11/16/2024 10:16 AM


WBCS - occasional

What is the pH of CSF? - answer✔7.32-7.35

Herniation - answer✔movement of brain tissue from one intracranial compartment to another

Herniations result in - answer✔increased pressure which affects flow of blood and CSF

Types of herniations: - answer✔-Transtentorial
-Uncal
-Infratentorial

Space occupying lesions (SOL) are a problem because - answer✔the CNS is contained with a
rigid protective space which does not expand

Increased ICP compresses - answer✔tissues

Which tissue is the most vulnerable to increased intracranial pressure? - answer✔capillaries
which get blocked and then no longer supply the neurons nutrients and oxygen

ICP displaces brain tissues causing it to - answer✔herniate or get squeezed

Causes of SOL: - answer✔intracranial hemorrhage, increased CSF, edema, intracranial abscess
and tumors

unequal pupil sizes indicate SOL because - answer✔unequal compression of the neurons
involved int he pupillary light reflex.

Tumors increase - answer✔ICP

The most common type of tumors - answer✔astrocytoma (graded from type I to type IV)

Which types of tumors are common in young children? - answer✔brainstem and cerebellar

Glioma form the largest category of - answer✔primary malignant tumors

Which tumors is common in adults? - answer✔Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma forms in - answer✔cerebral white matter

Glioblastoma is infiltrative meaning - answer✔it invades into normal brain tissues and it's
difficult for surgical resection


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