Samenvatting
Summary Brain Diseases
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Extensive summary of all exam material of the course Brain Diseases (Minor Brain and Cognition).
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 62 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 62 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Summary Brain DiseasesLecture 1 – Affective Disorders (Depression & Bipolar Disorder)
Psychiatric disorders
• Psychiatric disorders:
- Cognitive disorders
- Psychotic disorders
- Affective disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Addictive disorders
- Eating disorders
- Developmental disorders
- Personality disorders
• Diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM):
- Axis 1: Psychiatric diseases
- Axis 2: Personality disorder
- Axis 3: Somatic diseases
- Axis 4: Psychosocial stress factors
- Axis 5: Level psychosocial functioning
• Percentage of Dutch people that suffer from psychiatric diseases:
- 1/4 (25%) suffers from a psychiatric disorder ever in life
- Psychiatric disorders cause significant distress and impairment in social,
occupational or other important areas of functioning
• Burden of psychiatric disorders (EU):
• Central to the symptomatology of affective disorders are disturbances in the regulation of
specific emotions, but also cognitions, leading to disturbed behavior, usually precipitated by
stressful life-events
• Current neuroanatomical models for the pathophysiology of affective disorders emphasize
the role of disturbances in brain circuits involved in emotion and stress regulation
, → From a neurobiological perspective, all treatments are thought to eventually lead to
changes in these brain circuits
• Difference between psychiatrist and psychologist:
- Psychiatrist:
▪ Is a medical doctor
▪ Diagnosing psychiatric diseases
▪ Treating psychiatric diseases
- Psychologist:
▪ Studied psychology
▪ Helps with problems in daily life
▪ Strengthen resilience and normal development
▪ Does part of treatment of psychiatric diseases
• Affective disorders:
- Depression:
▪ Mild
▪ Moderate/severe
▪ Psychotic
- Bipolar disorder (depression + mania):
▪ Bipolar I & II
▪ Rapid cycling
Unipolar depression:
• Symptoms:
- Key symptoms:
▪ Depressed mood
▪ Loss of interest or pleasure
- Psychological symptoms:
▪ Difficulties to think or concentrate
▪ Anxiety, panic
▪ Indecisiveness
▪ Feeling hopeless
▪ Feelings of guilt
▪ Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation
▪ Feelings of worthlessness
▪ Delusions, hallucinations
- Physical symptoms:
▪ Sleep disturbances
▪ Less appetite, weight loss
▪ Loss of libido
▪ Pain
▪ Restlessness, inhibition
▪ Fatigue
• Recognizing depression in yourself:
- Difficulty to enjoy
- Worrying
- Depressed mood
, - Overstrained
- Being emotional, crying easily
- Everything is difficult, difficulty deciding
- Diminished concentration
- Sleeping difficulties, less libido
- Recurrent thoughts of death
• Recognizing depression in another person:
- Less interested
- Withdrawing from activities or emotionally
- Difficult to have contacts
- Wants nothing, does nothing
- Is edged up
- Whining
- Sleeping difficulties
• Prevalence:
- Netherlands: 500.000 – 800.000 people
- Now 4th on the list of chronic diseases (costs and invalidity) (WHO)
- In 2020 1:6 had a depression ever in their life
- Women > men
• Impact:
- Negative influence on functioning (work, relations)
- Risk on suicide
- Higher risk on a relapse of the depression
- Higher risk on somatic diseases (heart, cancer)
- Higher risk on psychiatric comorbidity
→ Anxiety disorders, addiction, personality disorders
- High societal costs
→ Medial: 388 million euros
→ Loss of production: 2,1 billion euros
- Loss of quality of life
→ 113.000 lost life years (more than e.g. diabetes, rheumatism)
• Suicide (attempts/considerations) each year:
- In EU 58.000 persons die because of suicide
, - Is in top 10 of causes of death
• Causes:
• Neurobiology of depression (imaging studies):
- Reduced volume of PFC, basal ganglia and hippocampus
▪ Serotonergic system dysfunctions
▪ HPA-axis
- Hyperreactivity and over time a reduced activity (exhaustion):
▪ Reduced BDNF
▪ Dysfunctions immune system
• Treatment:
- Basic interventions:
▪ 1. Psychoeducation
▪ 2. Active follow-up
▪ 3. Structuring daily activities
- Step 1 interventions:
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper VeravanderNulft. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €9,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67096 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen