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Renewable Energy With Detailed Answers 100% Verified
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Renewable Energy With Detailed Answers 100% VerifiedRenewable Energy Introduction - ANSWER Would the prospect of icy sidewalks make
you think twice about being out and about in a city? If you live in Klamath, Oregon, the
sidewalks are always toasty and clear even on the coldest, snowiest days. That's
because Klamath has something really hot going on. Klamath relies on the warmth of
magma-heated water just below Earth's surface to heat its city streets and to provide
heating services to buildings and homes. The city pumps the water up and distributes it
to wherever heat is needed.
In just a few places on Earth, this "geothermal" water is close enough to the surface that
its warmth can be harnessed as an energy source. Klamath is lucky enough to be one of
those places. In addition, it saves money, it reduces the pollution associated with
burning fossil fuels for heat. Relying on this underground heat does not burn anything
and has no wasteful byproducts. Perhaps you do not have geothermally-heated water,
but perhaps you do have lots of sunshine, or wind, or rivers. All of these provide sources
of alternative energy.
Renewable Energy - ANSWER Suppose you have a one-year subscription to your
favorite magazine. At the end of the year you do not want to miss a single upcoming
issue. Fortunately, most magazine publishers have very easy ways for you to renew your
subscriptions and never miss a single issue. As long as you keep renewing the
subscription you will never stop receiving your favorite magazine.
Energy sources are like your subscription—you definitely do not want them to run out.
But there is a major difference—only some energy sources can be renewed. If we can
replenish our supply of energy after we use it we never run out. One example is
hydropower. Electricity from hydropower comes from running water. Since the water
cycle always renews our supplies of water through precipitation, we can always count
on hydropower. This is a renewable resource.
On the other hand, a non-renewable resource eventually runs out. Like a magazine
whose publisher decides to stop making the magazine—it can't be renewed. Once we
use up all of our fossil fuels and uranium supplies, they are gone forever. We can't
renew them.
,Why are fossil fuels and uranium considered to be non-renewable? - ANSWER These
take nature millions and millions of years to make. They are definitely not renewable on
human time scales.
Consider three key sources of renewable energy: solar power, hydropower, and wind
power. How do all these owe their origin to the Sun? - ANSWER Solar power is
generated from radiant energy from the Sun. Hydropower depends on water supplies in
the water cycle, which in turn depends on energy from the Sun. Similarly, the wind
blows due to temperature and pressure differences caused by the Sun.
Hydropower - ANIMAL FACT Water mills, such as Mabry's Mill, have ground grains into
flour or sawed timber for centuries. Small water mills such as this are quite a contrast to
today's modern hydropower stations. Hydropower, or hydraulic power, is energy
coming from the movement or flow of water. Today, the world's largest hydropower
operation is the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River in China. Click through the tabs
to learn more about hydropower.
What is supplying the energy in these two pictures? - ANSWER Correct—water.
Hydroelectric Power Plants - ANSWER Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric power
plant. Notice that it has many of the same components as a fossil fuel-burning electrical
plant or a nuclear energy reactor. That is because many of the same principles are at
play here. A dam is constructed across a river, thereby holding water back in a
collection area called a reservoir. The water is kept behind the intake opening and,
therefore, is under pressure. When the intake opens, water rushes through with a
pipe-the penstock. Energy from the moving water now turns the turbine blades. The
spinning turbine makes magnets spin in the generator. Magnets spinning inside a
copper wire in the generator produce electricity. That electricity is then sent out from
the power plant via various transmission lines. The water returns to the river through a
device, called a spillway. Nothing is burned and no air pollution is given off.
View of a Hydroelectric Turbine - ANSWER This diagram is a close-up view of a turbine
and generator for a hydroelectric power plant. Again, you can see how the water
pushes on the blades of the turbine, which then spins and causes parts of the generator
to spin to produce electricity. Watch this video to see how that happens.
pg 6
, Worldwide Trends in Hydropower - ANSWER Hydropower is the worldwide leading
renewable energy source. The small pie chart in the bottom of the picture shows you all
sources of worldwide energy. Fossil fuels account for a large percentage. The top pie
chart shows you the main sources of renewable energy. Hydropower, in light blue, is the
main source of renewable energy on a worldwide basis. In the U.S., hydroelectric power
supplies about seven percent of our energy needs nationally. But it supplies nearly 50
percent of the electricity used on the west coast, because of the high occurrence of
suitable rivers.
In the U.S., we have built dams and reservoirs along about 98% of the rivers that are
capable of producing hydropower. Thus there is little room to expand hydropower in the
U.S. On a worldwide basis, however, humans have only tapped about 13 percent of our
hydropower potential. China, India, South America, and Africa can still use much more
hydropower. The World Energy Council estimates that Africa uses only seven percent of
its potential hydropower; that Asia uses only 22 percent of its potential, and South
America uses only 33 percent.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower - ANSWER Clearly hydropower
produces very little air pollution and it has no harmful waste products that have to be
disposed of. Alternatively can you think of any disadvantages of hydropower? Think
about what probably happens to fish trying to make their way downstream. How might a
hydroelectric dam affect their efforts? Click through the images to learn more about this
and other pros and cons of using hydropower.
pg 8
Protecting Fish at Hydroelectric Plants - ANSWER A great advantage of hydroelectric
power is that it does not produce the air pollution of fossil fuels. But a big disadvantage
is that it disrupts river ecosystems. Certain fish, most notably salmon, migrate upstream
every year to spawn and reproduce. Dams serve as barriers to fish migration and lead
to population declines.
One solution to this issue is to build fish ladders, also known as fishways or fish steps.
Click each image for details on how fish can be safeguarded at hydroelectric facilities.
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