A-Level Philosophy – Ethics Latest Exam Questions With Solved Solutions.
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A Level Philosophy
An ethical theory which argues that the correct way of action is that derived from working out what brings happiness to the greatest number - Answer What is utilitarianism
The belief that pleasure is the chief good - Answer What is hedonism
Concerned with the amount - Answer quantita...
A-Level Philosophy – Ethics Latest
Exam Questions With Solved Solutions.
An ethical theory which argues that the correct way of action is that derived from working out what
brings happiness to the greatest number - Answer What is utilitarianism
The belief that pleasure is the chief good - Answer What is hedonism
Concerned with the amount - Answer quantitative
concerned with the quality - Answer qualitative
hedonistic and teleological - Answer What are the main two qualities of Bentham's Act Utilitarianism
Bentham - Answer 'two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure' which 'govern us in all we do'
Actions which bring about pleasure or the lack of pain - Answer According to act utilitarianism, which
actions are good ones
The principle of utility - Answer 'that principle which approves or disapproves of every action
whatsoever'
an action is good if it produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number - Answer Greatest
Happiness Principle
he was a psychological hedonist - Answer Why did Bentham believe that you should seek pleasure over
pain
the results justify the means - Answer What does it mean that act utilitarianism is instrumental
,principle of utility - Answer According to Bentham, what is the only thing which offers an
understanding of rights based on concrete observable verification
hedonic calculus - Answer How did Bentham work out whether the calculus was morally good
felicific/utility - Answer other names for the hedonic calculus
duration/intensity/propinquity/extent/certainty/purity/fecundity - Answer What are the 7 hedons
how long will the pleasure last - Answer Duration hedon
how intense will the pleasure be - Answer Intensity hedon
How near is the pleasure to you - Answer Propinquity hedon
How universal will the pleasure be? - Answer Extent hedon
how certain is it that pleasure will be the result of the action - Answer Certainty hedon
Is there likely to be pain mixed with pleasure? - Answer Purity hedon
Will it lead to furthur pleasure? - Answer Fecundity hedon
Bentham, hedonic calculus - Answer 'the balance, if it be on the side of pleasure, will give the good
tendency of the act upon the whole'
Bentham, pleasures are the ends we seek - Answer 'pleasures then... are the ends that the legislator
has in view'
, Bentham, how the hedonic calculus was democratic - Answer 'everybody is to count for one, and
nobody for more than one'
Bentham, how the hedonic calculus was egalitarian - Answer 'no one person's pleasure is greater than
another's'
appeals to human nature, allows for benevolence and sympathy/fair, objective and democratic - Answer
Strengths of act utilitarianism
commits the naturalistic fallacy - Answer What is the major problem with act utilitarianism
You have to use the calculus with each moral action which is largely time consuming, and it is also
unclear how you measure pleasure, as you don't know the responses of individuals involved - Answer
Why is the calculus a problem with act utilitarianism
The minorities lose out in any situation, and any action is justifiable when using the calculus - Answer
What is the problem of liberty and the rights of the individual when using the hedonic calculus
Any action should add to the general happiness, and so if you are going to buy someone a gift it would
be morally better to give that money to charity instead as it would create more happiness for more
people - the happiness of specific individuals don't matter - Answer What is the problem of particular
relationships with act utilitiarianism
it is irrelevant what our intentions are as to whether an action is good or bad which completely goes
against our human nature - Answer What is the problem of act utilitarianism not recognising moral
values
John Stuart Mill - Answer Who theorised Rule Utilitarianism
Value theory - Answer What is rule utilitarianism based on
the only thing which is good is happiness - Answer What is value theory
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