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This document is a good overview of the Civil Procedure & Global Dispute Resolution course for Global Law students. It has been prepared with information from clips and reading materials for the course, as well as class lectures.
As the course is based on individual resear...
Civil Procedure and Global Dispute Resolution
Notes
Introduction and course requirements
1. Flow of first half of the course
a.
2. Expectations of lectures
a. Complete assignments beforehand
b. Discuss cases with other students and lecturers
3. Assignments & Group Work
a. Assignments should be completed every week
b. Midterm paper 30% of course grade
c. Final paper – individual, 70% of course grade
Week 1 – What is Civil Procedure & Global Dispute
Resolution
Explaining the “civil” in civil procedure
o Disputes between private entities as opposed to disputes between states or
governmental entities
o Natural or legal persons, or both
o States or governmental entities can still be parties, involved in their private
capacity (e.g., as parties to a contract)
Procedure vs. substantive law
o Procedure deals with “how” questions, rather than the substantive “what”
o How are substantive rights enforced? How is a claim filed? How are appeals
lodged? How is service executed?
Global Dispute Resolution
o Factors driving global dispute resolution:
Industrialization
, Globalization
IT and Social Media
o Main players in Global Disputes
Multinational companies
NGOs / Civil society
Globally operating law firms
Domestic Courts and Arbitral Tribunals
o Types of global disputes:
B2S: State Investor Disputes
B2B: Commercial Disputes
B2C: Consumer Disputes
o Traditional modes of dispute resolution in the global sphere
Arbitration Tribunals (mediation)
Domestic civil courts
NB: There are no ‘World Civil Courts’ or international civil courts
o Emerging trends:
B2B: Emerging English-speaking commercial courts in non-English
speaking jurisdictions (e.g., Amsterdam Commercial Court)
B2C: ODR / ADR and collective redress
Factors of procedural fairness (from Tyler & Thorisdottir, ‘A Psychological
Perspective on Compensation for Harm’, De Paul L Rev, 2013)
1. Voice / participation
In order for decision-makers to determine what is fair, information
about the harm is needed. Fair procedure should allow victims as much
opportunity as possible to present evidence about the harm they have
suffered.
2. Neutrality
Authorities need to demonstrate impartiality. They cannot allow social
values or relationships dictate their actions. This signals to those
dealing with authorities that their decisions ought to be accepted
3. Trustworthiness of Authorities
If victims feel that the authorities care about their needs and concerns,
and are trying to find fair ways to deal with the harm that has been
done, they are much more willing to accept a wide variety of solutions
to that harm
4. Treatment with Dignity and Respect
Restoring the status of the victim, who may feel diminished before
themselves given the harm they have suffered.
Conversely, social authorities may seek to diminish the status of harm-
doers; take on the role of labelling behavior as morally wrong and
shameful
, Week 2 – Dispute Resolution by Adjudication
1. Features of arbitration
a. Opt-in for arbitration in a contract between the parties (‘arbitration clause’)
b. Decided by independent arbitrators rather than state-appointed judges: usually
3, but can be agreed on by the parties
c. The autonomy of arbitration - all factors agreed on by the parties: place,
applicable law, calendar, procedure, language
d. Specialized judges
e. ≠ mediation; settles disputes with binding effect
f. New York Convention allows for enforcement of arbitral awards in over 160
countries
g. International Chamber of Commerce – main centre for arbitration
h. ICSID – main investment arbitration centre
i. Criticisms:
i. Too expensive; not fast enough
ii. Forces States to give consent in advance while allowing investors to
constrain their regulatory power
2. Arbitration vs Court adjudication
a. Arbitration is confidential, unlike courts, which are primarily public
b. Arbitration is more flexible
c. Arbitration allows for choice of adjudicator with technical expertise
d. Arbitration typically takes less time than litigation
e. Arbitration allows to skip procedural elements, such as oral witness statements
3. Investor-State arbitration
a. Emerged as a substitute for domestic tribunals and diplomatic protection;
response to the growing politicalization of state-investor disputes
b. Functions:
i. Typically used to settle disputes arising from bilateral and multilateral
investment treaties
ii. Grants rights to investors of states that invest in another party state (the
host State)
1. To be treated fairly and equally
2. Right to not be discriminated
3. Right to not have their property expropriated without
compensation
c. Consent in investment treaty arbitration:
i. States gives their consent by signing the treaty
ii. Investors give their consent when they submit their claim
Other methods of dispute resolution:
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