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GLPH 271 - M2: Measuring andAssessing Health well answered already
passed
define epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔study of distribution and determinants of health states or
events, and its application to controlling diseases and other health problems
how do epidemiological measurements and assessments shape health interventions and help health
professionals make informed decisions about how to best use resources? - correct answer ✔✔- reveal
where interventions needed most
- reveal if interventions are effective so you don't waste time and resources
- see where mistakes being made
what are 3 examples of epidemiological questions surrounding the opioid crisis - correct answer ✔✔•
What is the impact of the opioid crisis on mortality in Canada?
• What interventions are effective in reducing this mortality?
• Should the government spend more money on facilitating access to naloxone kits or on supervised
consumption sites to reduce opioid-related deaths?
how does epidemiological data collected on Indigenous in Canada come from place of colonization -
correct answer ✔✔databases often identify Indigenous through Indian Registry, so only those registered
with fed gov have data counted
what are the 2 conditions for Indigenous Peoples in Canada to reach data sovereignty - correct answer
✔✔1. decolonization of data
2. indigenous data governance
define sovereignty - correct answer ✔✔full power of governing body over itself, without outside
interference
,what are the 5 categories of the colonization of Indigenous data (the 5 D's) - correct answer ✔✔1.
disparity
2. depravation
3. disadvantage
4. dysfunction
5. difference
why is decolonization of data important for Indigenous populations - correct answer ✔✔- 5 D's often
used to classify Indigenous as needing help
- harmful as data can be used to rationalize dispossession and marginalization, and lead to false sense of
dependency
give an example of how colonized data showing rates of infectious diseases in Indigenous populations as
higher than general Canadian population might be used to rationalize harmful narrative - correct answer
✔✔could rationalize narrative that these communities need external help with their governance
structure as they are unable to keep their communities safe
what does The First Nations Principles of OCAP stand for and mean? - correct answer ✔✔- ownership,
control, access, possession
- means First Nations control data collection processes in their communities
why is increased governance over and access to Indigenous data important for communities - correct
answer ✔✔allows communities to determine how to make decisions regarding why, how, and by whom
information is collected, used, or shared
prevalence is a measure of _____________, incidence is a measure of ____________ - correct answer
✔✔burden, risk
describe prevalence - correct answer ✔✔tells us about the number of existing cases of a disease in a
population
what is the general formula for prevalence - correct answer ✔✔prevalence = # of cases / total
population
, what are the 2 types of prevalence - correct answer ✔✔point prevalence, period prevalence
what is point prevalence - correct answer ✔✔measure of proportion of population that has certain
disease at a specific point in time
why is point prevalence rare to use in global health research - correct answer ✔✔may require 6 months
to survey a region of Somalia and determine the number of existing tuberculosis cases, so would have to
use period prevalence
how is point prevalence calculated? - correct answer ✔✔point prevalence = # of cases at a specific time /
total population at that time
what is period prevalence - correct answer ✔✔measure of proportion of population that has certain
disease over a defined period of time
how is period prevalence calculated - correct answer ✔✔period prevalence = # of cases over a period of
time / average population during that period of time
At the beginning of September 2020, Canada's population was 37971020 and active cases of COVID-19
was 6393. What was the prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada at that time? - correct answer ✔✔6393 ÷ 37
971 020 = 0.0001683
Therefore, the prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada at the beginning of September 2020 was 0.0168% or
16.83 per 100 000
The first COVID-19 case appeared in Canada on January 25th, 2020. From then to September 1st, 2020,
the average Canadian population was 37742154. During that time, the total number of COVID-19 cases
in Canada rose to 128 948. What was the period prevalence of COVID-19 in Canada during this time? -
correct answer ✔✔128 948 ÷ 37 742 154 = 0.00341655
Therefore, the period prevalence of COVID-19 between January and September 2020 was 0.341655% or
341.65 per 100 000.
describe incidence - correct answer ✔✔measures how quickly new cases of a disease arise in a
population over a defined time period
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