Biopsychologie (PSBA1-11)
BioBiological psychology
James W. Kalat
14th edition
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,H1 THE CELLULAR FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR 3
Hoorcollege 1 ZENUWSTELSEL EN PRIKKELOVERDRACHT 8
H2 SYNAPSES 11
Hoorcollege 2 SYNAPSES 17
H3 ANATOMY AND RESEARCH METHODS 19
Hoorcollege 3 zenuwcellen en gliacellen 25
7 MOVEMENT 30
Hoorcollege 4 motoriek 36
H4 GENETICS, DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY 39
Hoorcollege 5 Genetics, Development, and Plasticity 44
H5 VISION 48
Hoorcollege 6 Vision 55
H6 Hearing, the Mechanical Senses, and the Chemical Senses 59
Hoorcollege gehoor 65
Link quizlet meerkeuzevragen van H1 t/m H7 70
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,H1 THE CELLULAR FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOR
De 3 R is: Reduction, replacement, and refinement.
→ A “minimalist” wishes to limit animal research to studies with little discomfort and much
potential value. An “abolitionist” wishes to eliminate all animal research regardless of how
the animals are treated or how much value the research might produce.
Biological psychologists address four types of questions about any behavior. Physiological:
How does the behavior relate to the physiology of the brain and other organs? Ontogenetic:
How does it develop within the individual? Evolutionary: How did the capacity for the
behavior evolve? Functional: Why did the capacity for this behavior evolve? That is, what
function does it serve or did it serve?
myelin sheath:
nodes of Ranvier:
If a cell’s dendrites and axon are entirely contained within
a single structure, the cell is an interneuron or intrinsic neuron of the structure.
→ Because an interneuron is contained entirely within one part of the brain, its axon is short.
- An axon is longer, and its diameter is constant. A dendrite is no more than a few
millimeters long, and it tapers toward its end.
Astrocytes are therefore important for generating rhythms, such as your rhythm of breathing.
Astrocytes also dilate the blood vessels to bring more nutrients into the most active brain
areas
According to a popular hypothesis
known as the tripartite synapse,
the tip of an axon releases
chemicals that cause the
neighboring astrocyte to release
its own chemicals, thus modifying
the message to the next neuron.
Oligodendrocytes
(OL-i-go-DEN-druh-sites) in the
brain and spinal cord and
Schwann cells in the periphery of
the body build the myelin sheaths
that surround and insulate certain
vertebrate axons. They also supply an axon with nutrients necessary for proper functioning
Radial glia guide the migration of neurons and their axons and dendrites during embryonic
development.
3
, 10. Which type of glia synchronizes the activity of a related
group of axons? astrocyt
11. Which type of glia cell removes dead neurons and prunes
ineffective synapses? microglia
To use glucose, the body needs vitamin B1, thiamine. Prolonged thiamine deficiency,
common in chronic alcoholism, leads to death of neurons and a condition called Korsakoff’s
syndrome, marked by memory impairments.
Molecules that dissolve in fats enter passively. So do water and several ions for which the
membrane has specific channels.
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