Samenvatting

Summary - Forensic Psychology (FSWP-K-3-10)

0 keer verkocht

Instelling
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)

This is a summary of all the necessary reading for the elective course; Forensic Psychology. All information form the articles is provided in detail. Sections of the reading that was not relevant (according to the course coordinator) is either left out, or it is mentioned in the summary. The lectu...

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 4 van de 119 pagina's

Bekijk voorbeeld

Geupload op 8 december 2024
Aantal pagina's 119
Geschreven in 2024/2025
Type Samenvatting

€7,66

In winkelwagen

Opslaan

100% tevredenheidsgarantie
Direct beschikbaar na je betaling
Lees online óf als PDF
Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten

Reading Biological
Explanation

The Biological Basis of Criminal
Behavior
Bonta, J., & Andrews D.A. (2016)

Biological factors lie at the base of criminal behaviors

Consistent finding from developmental criminology ⇒
most youths
(especially males) engage in various antisocial acts as they grow
into adulthood, but they follow different trajectories

1. adolescent-limited

2. life-course-persistent

mostly males

start behaving antisocially early

often escalating in the seriousness of their acts

5-10% of offenders

commit majority of crime

Crime Gene
Jacobs et al.(1965) ⇒ suggested a link between an extra Y chromosome
and violent behavior

however, well-designed epidemiological studies found that having
an extra Y chromosome was largely irrelevant

Three studies followed up;

they found that XYY men had more criminal convictions than XY men

they found no differences in criminal offending between XYY and
XXY men

Reading Biological Explanation 1

, Longitudinal study XXY children, Geerts, et al.(2023) ⇒ half of the
38 boys evidenced psychosocial problems

but childhood autism was a more likely outcome than conduct
disorder

💡 The XYY falls into the trap of oversimplification and genetic
determinism (no strong link)

Intergenerational Crime
Today, there is evidence of intergenerational criminality

this applies equally to boys and girls

found across three generations

Having a criminal father was the best predictor of the son’s
involvement in delinquency

social difficulties (e.g. low family income) also predicted
delinquency

these social indicators predicted better for officially
recorder delinquency than for self-reported

Assortative mating = when individuals mate with similar individuals

Farrington et al.(1996) ⇒ 83% of boys grew up and married women who
also had criminal records

Farrington et al.(2007) ⇒
found that family criminality was the best
predictor of antisocial behavior for any family member

💡 Criminal behavior can be passed through generations, but
environmental factors like assertive mating and family dysfunction
play a significant role

Reading Biological Explanation 2

, Twin Studies
Lange (1929) ⇒
concordance rate for MZ twins with respect to
criminality (77%) was higher than with DZ twins (12%)

serious methodological problems

Christiansen (1977) ⇒ concordance rate for MZ twins was 35% and for
DZ twins 12%

As twin studies became more methodologically sophisticated, the
concordance rate for MZ twins dropped to 26%

there is a moderate relationship between heredity and antisocial
behavior

Grove et al.(1990) ⇒ MZ twins were followed into adulthood, the
concordance rate for antisocial personality disorder was 29%

Gaspi et al.(2004) ⇒ tried to answer the question; do mothers
genetically transmit hostility to the children or does the aggressive
behavior of the child produce a hostile reaction from the mother?

mothers did not treat each twin similarly

one twin would be described positively and the other negatively

negative emotions expressed by the mother predicted aggression in
their child (rated by teacher)

The researchers concluded that it was the mother’s treatment and
not heredity that explained the child’s aggressiveness

💡 Heredity plays a role in antisocial behavior, but environmental
factors, such as maternal treatment and family dynamics, are crucial
factors

Adoption Studies

Reading Biological Explanation 3

, In adoption studies, the criminal futures of adopted children are
analyzed in relation to;

criminal history of the biological parents

criminal history of adoptive parents

particular combinations in the biological and adoptive parents

Mednick et al.(1984) ⇒ found a
very small genetic effect (r =
.3)

adoptees raised by
noncriminal parents, but who
had criminal biological
parents, were at higher risk
of being convicted than
those with both noncriminal
parents

Follow-up investigation (1987)
⇒ as the number of convictions
for the biological parents went
up, so did the number for the
adoptees

Parental criminality by itself appeared insufficient to explaining
violent crime in the offspring

Carey & Goldman (1997) ⇒ found that all six adoption studies showed
a genetic effect

Meta-analyses (1997+2002) ⇒ the concordance rate for the adoption
studies decreased significantly

but is was not zero

Barnes et al.(2014) found a correlation between genetic and
criminal variables from 0.30 to 0.60

Malouff et al.(2008) ⇒ found higher heritability was associated with
the severity of the problem

Reading Biological Explanation 4

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of je Stuvia-tegoed en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Direct to-the-point

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper lauradeege. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,66. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 71241 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Begin nu gratis