Discover the Core of European Constitutional Law!
This comprehensive summary provides a clear and accessible explanation of the key principles, case law, and concepts in European constitutional law. Featuring an overview of direct effect, supremacy, fundamental rights, and landmark cases such as V...
,DIRECT EFFECT....................................................................................................................6
Case law: Direct Effect.........................................................................................................6
Van Gend en Loos:......................................................................................................... 6
Case 2/74 Reyners ECLI:EU:C:1974:68........................................................................7
Case 41/74 Van Duyn ECLI:EU:C:1974:133.................................................................9
*Case 43/75 Defrenne ECLI:EU:C:1976:56................................................................10
Case 148/78 Ratti ECLI:EU:C:1979:110..................................................................... 10
*Case 152/84 Marshall ECLI:EU:C:1986:84...............................................................11
Case 14/83 Von Colson ECLI:EU:C:1984:153............................................................ 13
*Case C-188/89 Foster ECLI:EU:C:1990:313; Compare Foster with the opinion of
AG Sharpston in Case C-413/15, Elaine Farrell v Alan Whitty, ECLI:EU:C:2017:492.
14
Case C-106/89 Marleasing ECLI:EU:C:1990:395.......................................................15
Case C-194/94 CIA ECLI:EU:C:1996:172..................................................................16
Case C-443/98 Unilever Italia ECLI:EU:C:2000:496................................................. 18
Case C-201/02 Wells ECLI:EU:C:2004:12..................................................................19
Case C-144/04 Mangold ECLI:EU:C:2005:709.......................................................... 20
Case C-414/16 Egenberger ECLI:EU:C:2018:257...................................................... 22
Case C-122/17 Smith ECLI:EU:C:2018:631............................................................... 23
EU LAW BOOK, CHAPTER 8......................................................................................... 24
Applies to:.................................................................................................................... 25
Enforcement of direct effect.........................................................................................25
Broader definition of direct effect: “objective”............................................................25
Narrower definition of direct effect: “subjective”........................................................25
Expansion of the concept of direct effect:....................................................................25
Directives and direct effect:......................................................................................... 26
Limitations on horizontal direct effect of directives:................................................... 27
Enhancing the effect of directives:............................................................................... 28
Direct effect of secondary law: regulations and decisions........................................... 29
Direct effect of Treaty provisions:............................................................................... 29
General principles and the Charter of Fundamental Rights:........................................ 29
SUPREMACY........................................................................................................................ 30
Case law: Primacy.............................................................................................................. 30
Case 6/64 Flaminio Costa v ENEL ECLI:EU:C:1964:66............................................ 30
Case 11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft ECLI:EU:C:1970:114........................31
*Case 106/77 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v Simmenthal SpA........... 32
*Case C-208/09 Ilonka Sayn-Wittgenstein ECLI:EU:C:2010:806..............................33
*Case C-573/17 Criminal proceedings against Daniel Adam Poplawski
ECLI:EU:C:2019:530...................................................................................................34
2
, EU LAW BOOK - CHAPTER 10...................................................................................... 34
Supremacy of EU Law................................................................................................. 34
Key Cases Establishing Supremacy............................................................................. 35
Dimensions of Supremacy........................................................................................... 35
Direct Effect and Supremacy....................................................................................... 35
Limitations and Challenges.......................................................................................... 36
Supremacy and National Courts...................................................................................36
Primacy of EU Law Under the Lisbon Treaty..............................................................36
CONNECTION WITH DIRECT EFFECT AND SUPREMACY.................................... 37
Enforcement of EU Law.............................................................................................. 37
Simmenthal...................................................................................................................37
Limitations................................................................................................................... 37
ACTIONS FOR ANNULMENT AND INFRINGEMENT PROCEDURE...................... 37
Cases for Action for Annulment:....................................................................................... 38
*Case 25-62 Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community,
ECLI:EU:C:1963:17.....................................................................................................38
*Case 41 to 44-70 NV International Fruit Company and others v Commission of the
European Communities, ECLI:EU:C:1971:53.............................................................39
*Case C-583/11 P Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, EU:C:2013:625........................................40
*Case T-262/10 Microban International Ltd and Microban (Europe) Ltd v European
Commission, ECLI:EU:T:2011:623............................................................................. 41
Cases for Infringement Procedure......................................................................................42
*Case 247/87 Star Fruit Company SA v Commission, ECLI:EU:C:1989:58..............42
CHAPTER 15: Review of Legality (Article 263 TFEU)................................................... 44
Acts:............................................................................................................................. 44
Non-existent Acts:........................................................................................................44
Standing:.......................................................................................................................44
Bodies subject to review:............................................................................................. 45
Grounds for Challenge, Article 263(2):....................................................................... 45
Types of Acts:...............................................................................................................45
Time Limits:................................................................................................................. 45
Limitations on review:................................................................................................. 45
Case Law:..................................................................................................................... 46
● Plaumann & Co. v Commission (Case 25/62):...................................................46
● Commission v Council (Case 22/70):................................................................. 46
Challenges under Article 263(4):................................................................................. 46
CHAPTER 16: Indirect Challenge (Article 267 TFEU).................................................... 47
Types of Acts Challenged:........................................................................................... 47
Who can refer:.............................................................................................................. 48
Indirect challenge:........................................................................................................ 48
Mandatory and Discretionary Referrals:...................................................................... 48
Case Law:..................................................................................................................... 48
3
, ● IBM v Commission (Case 60/81):...................................................................... 48
● International Fruit Company v Commission (Cases 41–44/70):........................ 48
CHAPTER 13: Enforcement Actions Against Member States (Article 258 & 260 TFEU
(and 278 & 279 TFEU))..................................................................................................... 49
Breaches Covered Under Article 258...........................................................................49
Article 258: The Infringement Procedure.................................................................... 49
Infringement Actions After Remedying Breach.......................................................... 50
Case: Commission v Netherlands (Case 96/81)........................................................... 50
Article 258: Public and Private Enforcement Mechanisms..........................................50
Case: Van Gend en Loos (Case 26/62).........................................................................50
Standing of Private Parties........................................................................................... 51
Article 258: The Commission’s Discretion.................................................................. 51
Case: Commission v United Kingdom (Case 416/85)................................................. 51
Defences and Consequences of a Ruling..................................................................... 51
Article 260: The Pecuniary Penalty............................................................................. 51
Case: Commission v France (Case C-304/02)............................................................. 52
Non-Compliance with a CJEU Judgment:................................................................... 52
Financial Penalties:...................................................................................................... 52
Calculation of Penalties:...............................................................................................52
Direct Penalties for Failure to Notify Transposition:................................................... 52
No Injunctions:............................................................................................................. 52
Commission’s Discretion:............................................................................................ 53
Enforcement of Penalties:............................................................................................ 53
Remedying Breaches Before Judgment:...................................................................... 53
Articles 278 & 279: Interim Measures......................................................................... 53
Article 278 TFEU: Suspension of Acts........................................................................53
Article 279 TFEU: Interim Measures...........................................................................53
Use of Interim Measures.............................................................................................. 54
Extra information from EU sites:................................................................................. 54
Questions:...........................................................................................................................54
Starting Points of Discussion: Actions for Annulment................................................ 54
Starting Points of Discussion: Infringement Procedure............................................... 56
CONFLICTS OF RIGHTS................................................................................................... 58
Cases:................................................................................................................................. 58
*Case C-112/00 Schmidberger [2003]......................................................................... 58
*Case C-36/02 Omega [2004]......................................................................................60
*Case C-438/05 Viking Line [2007]............................................................................ 62
*Case C-341/05 Laval [2007]...................................................................................... 64
*Case C-128/22 § Info v Belgium State [2023]........................................................... 65
EU CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS................................................................ 67
Cases:................................................................................................................................. 67
4
, *Case C-399/11 Melloni [2013]...................................................................................67
*Case C-817/19 Ligue des droits humains [2022]....................................................... 69
Case C-470/21 Quadrature du Net II [2024]................................................................ 70
*Case C-609/17 TSN [2019]........................................................................................71
*Case C-617/10 Åkerberg. [2013] Read also the Opinion of AG Cruz Villalón......... 73
Questions:...........................................................................................................................74
SEMINAR 4: Accession to ECHR – Protocol 8 – Draft Accession Treaty........................81
Cases:................................................................................................................................. 81
*Case C-411/10 NS [2011]. Read the Opinion of the AG........................................... 81
* Cases C29/22 P and C44/22 P KS and KD [2024- pending], Read Opinion of AG
Capeta of 23 November 2023 – Case will be delivered in the midst of October 2024....
83
Bosphorus v. Ireland [2005]......................................................................................... 86
SEMINAR - Opinion 2/13 and Mutual Trust...................................................................... 89
Opinion 2/13.......................................................................................................................89
ARGUMENTS FOR ACCESSION............................................................................. 93
ARGUMENTS AGAINST ACCESSION................................................................... 93
SEMINAR 7 - The Impact of the Charter - Focus on the Freedom to Conduct Business -
Case Law Seminar..................................................................................................................95
Cases:................................................................................................................................. 95
Case C-199/11 Otis v. Commission [2012] (based on art 47 CFEU)...........................95
Case Toshiba Corporations [2012] (based on art. 50 CFEU).......................................96
Case C-501/11 P Schindler v. Commission [2013]...................................................... 98
Case C-283/11 Sky Österreich [2013]..........................................................................99
Case C-426/11 Mark Alemo-Herron [2013].............................................................. 100
Case C-202/15 AGET-Iraklis [2016]..........................................................................101
Questions.......................................................................................................................... 103
SEMINAR 8 - THE IMPACT OF THE CHARTER - CASE LAW SEMINAR II..................... 107
Cases:............................................................................................................................... 108
The Evolution of the Rights to be Forgotten..............................................................108
Case C-131/12 Google Spain [2014]................................................................... 108
Case C-136/17 GC and Others v Commission nationale de l'informatique et des
libertés (CNIL) [2019]..........................................................................................110
Case C-507/17 Google LLC, successor in law to Google Inc. v Commission
nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) [2019]....................................111
The Right to the Protection of the Personal Data....................................................... 113
Cases C-293/12 and C-594/12 Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and Others
[2014]................................................................................................................... 113
Joined Cases C-203/15 and C-698/15 Tele2 Sverige AB v Post- och telestyrelsen
and Secretary of State for the Home Department v Tom Watson and Others [2016]
114
Case C-311/18 Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Limited and
Maximillian Schrems [2020]................................................................................115
5
, Questions.......................................................................................................................... 116
SEMINAR 9 - THE IMPACT OF THE CHARTER - CASE LAW SEMINAR III.................... 129
Cases:............................................................................................................................... 129
*Case C-604/12 H. N. [2014].....................................................................................129
*Case C-129/14 PPU Zoran Spasic [2014]................................................................ 130
*Case C-151/20 Nordzucker [2022].......................................................................... 131
*Case C-117/20 bpost [2022].....................................................................................133
*Case C-27/22 Volkswagen Italia [2023]...................................................................135
Questions.......................................................................................................................... 137
6
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