PHIL 110 Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers Latest 2024 Update
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PHIL 110 Final Exam Practice Questions and Answers Latest 2024 Update
What does dualism assert? What is the Mind/Brain Identity Theory? - Answer-Dualism: argue that there are two different kinds of stuff in the world: mind and matter. Cartesian Dualism - mind and body are made of two very diffe...
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PHIL 110 Final Exam Practice
Questions and Answers Latest
2024 Update
What does dualism assert? What is the Mind/Brain Identity Theory? - Answer-Dualism:
argue that there are two different kinds of stuff in the world: mind and matter. Cartesian
Dualism - mind and body are made of two very different substances; they have nothing
in common. The Mind/Brain Identity Theory - the mind is literally identical with the brain,
making it a physical object
What is Leibniz's Law? How is it used in arguments support dualism? - Answer-P1: m
has property P.
P2: B does not have property P
P3: If m has a property b lacks, them m does not equal b.
C: m is not equal to b.
It allows us to say that if two objects of thought do not share all their properties, then
they must refer to different things. It defends dualism by trying to find a property that the
mind has but the brain lacks; the property is immortality.
"I can't doubt that I have a mind, but I can doubt that I have a body. Hence, my mind
isn't identity cal with my body." Is this argument valid? - Answer-It's not valid. To say
that my mind indubitably exists is just to say that I cannot doubt a particular proposition.
To say that my body does not indubitably exist is just to say that I can doubt a particular
proposition. From this difference between propositions, however, nothing follows
concerning whether those propositions are about the same or different things.
"My brain is divisible into spatial parts, is located between my ears, weighs about five
pounds, and has blood vessels running into it. My mind has none of these properties.
Hence, my brain and my mind are nonidentical." Is this argument valid? If so, must
dualism be true? - Answer-Argument is valid. Yes, because dualism states the mind and
body are made of two very different substances; hence each one has different
properties.
Dualism has been thought to make mysterious how the mind and the body can casually
interact. What problem is involved here? - Answer-Descarte's argument of dualism fails
because of this problem. He states that the mind and body are two very different
substances; however, how is there any connection between the mind and the body.
, What is the "problem of other minds?" Does the analogy argument from ones own case
solve this problem? Ryle thought that the mental states of others would be unknowable
if mental states were inner causes of behavior. Why did Ryle think this? - Answer-
What is logical behaviorism? Can a logical behaviorist analysis be given of statement
"Jones believes that there is rat poison in the gravy"? - Answer-Logical behaviorism - a
thesis about the meaning of the mentalistic terms we use in ordinary speech. Tries to
describe what we mean when we talk of an individual's thoughts, beliefs, intentions,
dreams, and sensations. No a logical behaviorist cannot analysis that statement. Only a
methodological behaviorist can (thesis about science) Any sentences containing mental
terms can be translated to sentences only relating to behavior. I am thirsty = I drink
when presented with water.
Suppose that a mentalistic concept (like wanting to drink water) could be analyzed as a
disposition to behave. Would that show that wants aren't inner causes of behavior? -
Answer-No, meaning of mentalistic terminology cannot be given in terms of actual
behavior, but can be given in terms of dispositions to behave.
What is the difference between methodological behaviorism and logical behaviorism? -
Answer-Methodological - Thesis about science; recommendation for how the science of
psychology ought to be pursued (don't talk about the mind)
Logical - meanings of commonsense mentalistic concepts can be analyzed in purely
behavioral terms
What is mentalism? Is mentalism testable? How does the distinction between specific
explanations and framework assumptions about a research program bear on this
question? - Answer-
Why do so-called novel behaviors pose a problem for methodological behaviorism?
What does novel mean? Isn't every behavior novel in some respect or other? - Answer-
Novel behaviors would be how you would react/act in a specific situation.
Methodological behaviorism says that science shouldn't talk about the inner states of
organisms when attempting to explain behavior. The problem would be that the only
way to relate a past and present situation (water gun fight/being scolded and robbery)
would be to describe physical properties. However, the only way to describe the
similarities of these situations would be to describe your beliefs and desires (fear). (pg
225)
What does methodological behaviorism say about the relevance of genetics and brain
science to the explanation of behavior? Why would innate difference in behavior be a
problem for behaviorism? - Answer-Some people have a genetic difference in their
brain, like those with depression and schizophrenia (or still trying to prove). This would
be a problem since behaviorism deals solely with behavior and not what is going on in
the brain. (pg 227)
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