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Philosophy 1101 Midterm, Final, And Quizzes Study Guides
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In depth, handwritten, organized study guide for midterm exam, final exam, and quizzes 3 and 4.
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Quiz #4 :Teleological Argument The
> :
things in the world have a complex order.
This complex order is the product of design. Design is a product of intelligence .
Therefore , nature is ordered by an
intelligence ,
which we call God .
* Hume's Three Objections :
1) Hume's First Objection : Bad Analogy
Humans knowing that artifacts are products of intelligent design
has
nothing to do with complexity
, instead we know from direct
sensory evidence. However, we have no direct evidence for the origin
of the universe.
2) Hume's Second Objection: Matter CouldBe the SourceOf Order :
Since we have no sensory evidence , all we could do is speculate the
source of order in the universe. For all we know , the world developed
by its own devices through physical laws For all
. we know, matter is
the cause.
3) Hurre's Third Objection :
The
Teleological Argument Does NOT Prove
the Existence of One Perfect God :
This argument just as well supports polytheism. The world is not
perfect at all ,
so how does its design show the creation of a PERFECT
God .
* Other Two Objections (NOT from Hume)
4) Fourth Objection : Evolution
The teological argument is an
argument of "best" explanation for
the complexity of living things. However, the theory of evolution
and natural selection is a better explanation for the complexity
of of the world .
living things
5) Fifth Objection : Who
Designed the Designer ?
If there exists a
being that can
bring everything complex into
the universe ,
it must be an unusually complex being
.
If doesn't
you claim that that complex being have a
designer,
you can argue the complex universe does not have a
designer either
.
, > The Problem of Evil :
There can't be a
being infinitely good if there is such evil in the world .
God would
Hume claims there is no way to explain rationally why
allow evil to exist .
If God is , omnipotent, and omnibenevolent
Omniscient
about evil , could do about it but
that means he knows something ,
doesn't - doesn't make sense !
~
First Solution: Free Will Defense:
It was benevolent of God to humans free will and choice. This makes
give
us capable of being virtuous good , human beings ,
and accomplish good things
as human beings .
The
logical consequence is that there will be people who use
their free will improperly .
~
Second Solution Therapy of Evil : :
There's something therapeutic about the pain and suffering that
human's endure on earth Made .
a comparison with the Jonah
swallowed by whale
a
story in the bible There's .
something
good about the
suffering/pain ,
gives people the change
Evil for
they need to be better
. is there a reason.
> The Paradox
Of Omnipotence :
1) God is omnipotent , so he is capable of doing anything
including evil .
2) God is omnibenevolent ,
so he is not able to do evil .
~
Paradox of Stone : Can God make a store so big , that he can't
lift it ??
Shows that there incoherent about the
is
something wrong or
-
concept of omnipotent in
general , b k everything that exists
in limited nature limits
reality has a ,
to event a
being with no
it is bound to create incoherencies and illogical paradoxes.
~ Celsus Solution : God is omnipotent so he is capable
of
doing anything , including evil .
But , he is omni benevolent
so he does not want to do anything evil .
Therefore , there is no
clash or contradiction.
, ~
Origin Solution: We claim that just like natural sweeteners are
not able to produce bitterness bitterness, what naturally
illuminates is unable to provide darkness, so God is not capable of
doing evil .
-
God is omnipotent so he is capable of doing anything that is
possible for him from
to do without
changing being God.
~
Monrote's Solution :
On the assumption that God is omnipotent the phrase
"a stone too for God to lift ,
"
self
heavy becomes
contradictory ,
for it becomes "a stone which cannot
be lifted by Him whose
power is sufficient for
lifting
anything.
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