100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Lees online óf als PDF Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten
logo-home
Eerder door jou gezocht
Eerder door jou gezocht
logo
Social psychology second exam summary (UvA social and organizational psychology, first year, second semester) €5,56
In winkelwagen
Snel navigeren naar
Voorbeeld
  2.  
  3. Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
  4.  
  5. Work and Organisational Psychology & Social Psychology (7201707PXY)

Samenvatting

Social psychology second exam summary (UvA social and organizational psychology, first year, second semester)
 0 keer verkocht

This is the second summary of social psychology. This is a summary I made myself and wanted to sell in the hopes of helping others pass. I myself passed with a high grade and thus know that this summary works, hopefully for you as well! Good luck fellow student! :)

Voorbeeld 4 van de 33  pagina's

Document informatie

  • 23 december 2024
  • 33
  • 2023/2024
  • Samenvatting

Onderwerpen

Geschreven voor

Alle documenten voor dit vak (10)

Verkoper

avatar-seller
Lijssiea

Voorbeeld van de inhoud

SP II
Norms conformity
Social norms: Implicit/explicit rules that govern the behaviors, values,
and beliefs of group members
- Social category groups share common features like gender or
interests but may not interact much
- Face-to-face groups (such as sports teams or lab groups), interact
directly to achieve common goals
Injunctive norms: Rules about how people are supposed to behave
- Connotes approval or disapproval by group
- Again, implicit, or explicit
Descriptive norms: How people actually behave
- Based on observations of people around you, no explicit instructions

Social roles: Shared expectations by group members about how
particular people or sub-groups in the group are supposed to behave
o Clearly divided and defined social roles, allow people to
perform functions effectively
o But they are restrictive and they perpetuate inequality
sometimes

- Why we form social norms:
o Belonging: Societal-Value Perspective
 Foster group cohesion (belonging)
 Norms are culturally relativistic and arbitrary
 Arbitrary norms are established and internalized
 Sanctions are established to reinforce norms

o Mastery: Functional Perspective
 Content of norms are not arbitrary, but confer survival
advantage
Norms = Functionality (Mastery) + Group Differences (Belonging)

o Integrative perspective: (on why we form social norms)
 Norms emerge due to fundamental challenges to
survival
 Manifestation of norms will differ by culture
 Examples:
o Relationship status signals
o Greeting




- How we form social norms

,  We are influenced by the ideas, emotions, and behavior
of others
Within groups
Group polarization: Tendency for group decisions to be more extreme
than those made by individuals
- Direction of polarization depends on one’s initial inclination (group
discussion shifts initial inclination)
o Especially true of homogenous groups
- Superficial processing (relying on others' positions) and
systematic processing (attending to both positions and
arguments) can contribute to group polarization

Dynamic Social Impact Theory (DSIT): Individuals influence each other
primarily through interactions, leading to clusters of like-minded people
- Majority arguments are exaggerated:
o More people (majority) hold that argument and everyone
gives information about it
o They are more discussed
o They seem more compelling (people making the same
argument gives it extra impact)
o Presented as being more compelling
- People oriented in social space that allows for interactions and
mutual influence causes DSIT process resulting in clustering
- Clustering especially strong for more important attitudes
o We talk about the important attitudes more
o We are motivated to be “better than average” in the attitudes
we find more important

Conformity: Change in behavior due to real OR imagined influence of
other people
- Neither inherently positive nor negative (depends on culture and
situation)

Different forms of Conformity:
- Public compliance
o Doing what others are doing
o Problem: Inferring the injunctive norms
 Pluralistic ignorance: Everyone publicly complies
without private acceptance but then THINKS everyone
else privately accepts the norm
- Private acceptance
 Genuinely believe that copied thoughts, beliefs, and
actions are correct and should be copied

These forms can cause:
o Fear of repercussion
 Due to normative influence
 Solomon Asch’s “line study” (going with the group even
though the answer is obviously different)

, o False consensus effect
 Tendency to overestimate others’ agreement with one’s
own opinions
 Consensus is based on our reference group (who we
think is the appropriate source to get our information
from)
 Groups we share attributes with (we trust them
more)
 Relying on biases and heuristics

Motivations for conformity:
- Normative influence (belonging)
o Conform so that we are liked and accepted by others (relies
on social acceptance and our social identity)
o Relies on:
 Wanting to be liked
 Desire for companionship
 Conjunctive norms
o Important aspects:
 Failure to comply: Ridicule, punishment, exclusion
 Can be with groups consisting of people we don’t even
know
o Public compliance OR private acceptance

- Informative influence (information)
o Conforming to other’s behavior due to belief that other’s
interpretations of ambiguous situations is correct
 We belief that other people can help us construct
appropriate reality (we accept privately to maintain
mastery of reality)
 Disagreement causes us confusion and loss of reality
o Mundane situations to extraordinary situations
o More likely to conform due to:
 Ambiguous situation
 Crisis situation
 Experts present
o Relies on:
 Descriptive norms
o Public compliance AND private acceptance

Negative consequence norm following and consensus:
Groupthink: Faulty decisions group make because consensus is prioritized
over correctness
- Function of:
o Highly cohesive group
o Social pressure to reach consensus
o Consensus more important than critical scrutiny of
important issues

, - Irving Janis’ (1972) model of groupthink:




- Preventing groupthink
o Leader refrains from expressing own opinions at the
beginning
o Group must not be isolated from external input
o Designate group members to play devil’s advocate
o Create subgroups that meet before the meeting to come up
with different recommendations
o Seek anonymous opinions

Cultural tightness versus looseness:
- Tight cultures
o Strong expectations of adherence to social norms
o Little tolerance for deviance
 History of threats in the environment produce higher
tightness
 Extreme climate
 Natural disasters
 Less natural recourses
 Poverty
 History of diseases
 More summiting (team work) but also more deaths
(groupthink)
- Loose cultures
o Fewer expectations for conformity
o May encourage new forms of behavior

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of je Stuvia-tegoed en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Direct to-the-point

Direct to-the-point

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Lijssiea. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,56. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 66184 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Begin nu gratis
€5,56
  • (0)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd