Uitwerking oefententamen
1a. Most globalization-researchers agree with the idea that
globalization processes are ‘uneven’. Can you give two
examples/arguments from the course materials/lectures that
support this general statement? (6 points)
- Economische globalisering is voor opkomende economieën zoals
China voordelig, terwijl ontwikkelingslanden achterblijven.
- Sociale en culturele ongelijkheden: hoogopgeleide werknemers in
wereldsteden profiteren van de globalisering en dienstgerichte
industrieën, terwijl laaggeschoolde werknemers in traditionele
industrieën meer onzekerheid ervaren door outsourcing en
technologische vooruitgang.
1b. The definition of globalization by Ritzer & Dean (2015) is
attractive because it draws attention to ‘multidirectional’ flows,
but also to structures that expedite these flows and to barriers
that attempt to prevent such flows. Give and discuss an example
of:
- A structure that expedites multidirectional flows (4 points)
- A structure that attempts to prevent multidirectional flows (4
points)
- MNO’S vergemakkelijken de globalisering. Bijvoorbeeld Apple. Ze
produceren in meerdere landen die goedkope arbeid en producten
leveren, vervolgens exporteren ze het en verkopen ze het
wereldwijd.
- Protectionistische beleidsmaatregelen houden het tegen.
Bijvoorbeeld tarieven verhogen of immigratiebeperkingen. Dit houdt
de vrije stroom van goederen en arbeid tussen landen tegen
2 According to Esping-Andersen (1999: 40), ‘social risks are the
building blocks of welfare states’. He makes a distinction between
three types of social risks, which are all more or less covered by
the different types of welfare states in the western world. (21
points)
2a. Name and define the three types of social risks, and briefly
discuss the main differences between the different European
welfare state-types regarding each type of social risks. (12 points)
Life course risks = risks that vary depending on life stage, such as
education in your youth, unemployment in your midlife and
retirement and health problems in old age.
Class risks = risks that vary depending on what class you are in, so
more risks when you are in low class and less risks when in upper
class. This is unequally distributed
Intergenerational risks = risks that are transported from one
generation into another generation.
, Liberalism (VS) +++
- Life course risks are high, no free education or health system.
- Class risks are high, no redistribution between low and high incomes
and no protection against unemployment etc.
- Intergenerational risks high, no redistribution and protection
depends on individual success
Social democratic (Sweden) ---
- Life course risks are low, free education and protection for all people
against unemployment
- Class risks are low, redistribution of income
- Intergenerational risks are low, education and healthcare are
available for everyone
Conservative corporatist (Germany)+ +- +
- Life course risks are high for people that don’t fit in the standard
family or work roles. So working men etc.
- Class risks are mid, strongly depends on employment status.
Insiders are well protected, rest is not
- Intergenerational risks are high, access to social facilities strongly
depends on employment status.
2b. How have processes of (economic) globalization impacted on
these three types of social risks? Briefly discuss for each type,
with an example from either the literature or the lectures. (9
points)
Life course risks: changing structure of labor markets impacts
individuals at different stages of their life (job instability at young or
old age)
Class risks: (economic) globalization leads to new inequalities within
countries. Low skilled workers may lose jobs due to offshoring, while
high skilled workers benefit from the shift to service based
economies
Intergenerational risks: economic advantages or disadvantages
resulting from globalization can be passed down from one
generation to the next, contributing to cycles of poverty or wealth.
3 Define the following concepts, and briefly discuss their relation
to ‘globalization and/or social risks’, drawing on material from the
course literature and/or lectures. (20 points)
- Off-shore outsourcing (5 points)
- Precarious work (5 points)
- Embedded flexibilization/flexicurity (5 points)
- Market transition theory (5 points)
1a. Most globalization-researchers agree with the idea that
globalization processes are ‘uneven’. Can you give two
examples/arguments from the course materials/lectures that
support this general statement? (6 points)
- Economische globalisering is voor opkomende economieën zoals
China voordelig, terwijl ontwikkelingslanden achterblijven.
- Sociale en culturele ongelijkheden: hoogopgeleide werknemers in
wereldsteden profiteren van de globalisering en dienstgerichte
industrieën, terwijl laaggeschoolde werknemers in traditionele
industrieën meer onzekerheid ervaren door outsourcing en
technologische vooruitgang.
1b. The definition of globalization by Ritzer & Dean (2015) is
attractive because it draws attention to ‘multidirectional’ flows,
but also to structures that expedite these flows and to barriers
that attempt to prevent such flows. Give and discuss an example
of:
- A structure that expedites multidirectional flows (4 points)
- A structure that attempts to prevent multidirectional flows (4
points)
- MNO’S vergemakkelijken de globalisering. Bijvoorbeeld Apple. Ze
produceren in meerdere landen die goedkope arbeid en producten
leveren, vervolgens exporteren ze het en verkopen ze het
wereldwijd.
- Protectionistische beleidsmaatregelen houden het tegen.
Bijvoorbeeld tarieven verhogen of immigratiebeperkingen. Dit houdt
de vrije stroom van goederen en arbeid tussen landen tegen
2 According to Esping-Andersen (1999: 40), ‘social risks are the
building blocks of welfare states’. He makes a distinction between
three types of social risks, which are all more or less covered by
the different types of welfare states in the western world. (21
points)
2a. Name and define the three types of social risks, and briefly
discuss the main differences between the different European
welfare state-types regarding each type of social risks. (12 points)
Life course risks = risks that vary depending on life stage, such as
education in your youth, unemployment in your midlife and
retirement and health problems in old age.
Class risks = risks that vary depending on what class you are in, so
more risks when you are in low class and less risks when in upper
class. This is unequally distributed
Intergenerational risks = risks that are transported from one
generation into another generation.
, Liberalism (VS) +++
- Life course risks are high, no free education or health system.
- Class risks are high, no redistribution between low and high incomes
and no protection against unemployment etc.
- Intergenerational risks high, no redistribution and protection
depends on individual success
Social democratic (Sweden) ---
- Life course risks are low, free education and protection for all people
against unemployment
- Class risks are low, redistribution of income
- Intergenerational risks are low, education and healthcare are
available for everyone
Conservative corporatist (Germany)+ +- +
- Life course risks are high for people that don’t fit in the standard
family or work roles. So working men etc.
- Class risks are mid, strongly depends on employment status.
Insiders are well protected, rest is not
- Intergenerational risks are high, access to social facilities strongly
depends on employment status.
2b. How have processes of (economic) globalization impacted on
these three types of social risks? Briefly discuss for each type,
with an example from either the literature or the lectures. (9
points)
Life course risks: changing structure of labor markets impacts
individuals at different stages of their life (job instability at young or
old age)
Class risks: (economic) globalization leads to new inequalities within
countries. Low skilled workers may lose jobs due to offshoring, while
high skilled workers benefit from the shift to service based
economies
Intergenerational risks: economic advantages or disadvantages
resulting from globalization can be passed down from one
generation to the next, contributing to cycles of poverty or wealth.
3 Define the following concepts, and briefly discuss their relation
to ‘globalization and/or social risks’, drawing on material from the
course literature and/or lectures. (20 points)
- Off-shore outsourcing (5 points)
- Precarious work (5 points)
- Embedded flexibilization/flexicurity (5 points)
- Market transition theory (5 points)
