PSY6003 STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
This document contains a compilation of practice test for the STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL board exam. This prep exam questions will improve your knowledge and understanding on STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL topics.
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PSY6003 STATISTICS FOR THE
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES EXAM
QUESTIONS
Statistics - Refers to a set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting
information.
Population - Is the set of all the individuals of interests in a particular study.
Sample - Is a set of individuals selected from a population , usually intended to represent the population
in a research study.
Variable - Is a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals.
Data - (Plural) are measurements or observations.
Data Set - Is a collection of measurements or observations.
Datum - (Singular) is a single measurement or observation and is commonly called a score or raw score.
Raw Score - A single measurement .
Parameter - Is a value, usually a numerical value, that describes a population.
Statistic - Is a value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample. A statistic is usually derived from
measurements of the individuals in the sample.
Descriptive Statistics - Are statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data.
Inferential Statistics - Consists of techniques that allow us to study samples and then make
generalizations about the populations from which they were selected.
Sampling Error - Is the naturally occurring discrepancy, or error, that exists between a sample statistic
and the corresponding population parameter.
Correlational Method - Two different variables are observed to determine whether there is a
relationship between them.
, Experimental Method - One variable is manipulated while another variable is observed and measured.
To establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables, an experiment attempts to
control all other variables to prevent them from influencing the results.
Independent Variable - Is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher. In behavioral research, this
variable usually consists of the two (or more) treatment conditions to which subjects are exposed. This
consists of the antecedent conditions that were manipulated prior to observing the dependent variable.
Dependent Variable - Is the variable that is observed to assess the effect of the treatment.
Control Condition - Individuals in this do not receive the experimental treatment. Instead, they either
receive no treatment or they receive a neutral, placebo treatment. The purpose of this is to provide a
base line for comparison with the experimental condition.
Nonequivalent groups study - A study comparing two groups of scores (like an experiment), however the
researcher has no ability to control which participants go into which group because this type of research
compares preexisting groups, the researcher can not ensure equivalent groups.
Pre-post Study - Comparing scores before and after the experiment.
Quasi- Independent Variable - In a non experimental study, the "independent variable" that is used to
create the different groups of scores.
Construct - Internal attributes or characteristics that cannot be directly observed but are useful for
describing and explaining behavior.
Operational Definition - Identifies a measurement procedure (a set of operations) for measuring an
external behavior and uses the resulting measurements as a definition and a measurement of a
hypothetical construct. Note that an operational definition has two components: First, it describes a set
of operations for measuring a construct. Second, it defines the construct in the terms of the resulting
measurement.
Discrete Variable - Consists of a separate, indivisible categories. No values can exist between two
neighboring categories.
Continuous Variable - There are an infinite number of possible values that fall between any two
observed values. This value is divisible into an infinite number of fractional parts.
Real Limits - Are boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a continuous number line.
Separating two adjacent scores is located exactly halfway between the scores. Each has two limits.
Upper Real Limit - Located at the top of the interval.
Lower Real Limit - Located at the bottom of the interval.
Nominal Scale - Consists of a set of categories that have different names. Measurements on this scale
label and categorize observations, but do not make any quantitative distinctions between observation.
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