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Methods and Statistics I Mock Exam
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
This mock exam consists of 100 questions to prepare for the exam of Statistics I. The answer key is as the end.
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Multiple-Choice Questions1. In evaluating the validity of a psychological test, which type of validity would be most
concerned with whether the test items appear to measure what they are intended to measure,
such as abstract reasoning skills rather than unrelated topics like personal preferences?
A)Criterion validity
B)Construct validity
C)Content validity
D)Face validity
2. A researcher is analyzing the effectiveness of a new educational program by comparing test
scores from students who participated in the program with those who did not. Which type of
validity is the researcher primarily assessing when determining if the program's impact can be
predicted by the test scores?
A)Predictive validity
B)Construct validity
C)Content validity
D)Concurrent validity
3. Imagine you are tasked with creating a new assessment tool for measuring emotional
intelligence. Which of the following strategies would best ensure that your tool has high
construct validity?
A)Focusing solely on self-reported measures of emotional intelligence
B)Including a wide variety of questions that cover different aspects of emotional
intelligence
C)Comparing the scores of your tool with those of an established emotional intelligence
test
D)Ensuring that the questions are easy to understand and relatable to the test-takers
4. A company is analyzing employee performance data using a histogram to visualize the
distribution of scores. If the histogram shows a right-skewed distribution, what might this imply
about the overall performance of the employees?
A)The performance scores are clustered around the average
B)Most employees are underperforming, with a few high achievers
, C)Most employees are performing at a high level, with few low performers
D)The performance scores are evenly distributed across all employees
5. In designing a research study, how would you prioritize the selection of variables to ensure
the study's validity and reliability?
A)Analyze the research question to identify key variables that directly impact the
outcomes and ensure they are measurable and relevant.
B)Select variables that are easily measurable, regardless of their relevance to the
research question.
C)Choose variables based solely on personal interest to maintain enthusiasm.
D)Randomly select variables to avoid bias in the research process.
6. Consider a scenario where a new psychological theory is proposed. What would be the most
effective way to evaluate its validity?
A)Accept the theory as valid if it aligns with existing beliefs.
B)Promote the theory based on anecdotal evidence from practitioners in the field.
C)Conduct a series of empirical studies to test the theory against observable data and
seek peer review for feedback.
D)Dismiss the theory outright if it contradicts established theories.
7. If you were to create a new research method that combines both basic and applied research,
what key elements would you include to ensure its effectiveness?
A)Incorporate a feedback loop where findings from applied research inform basic
research, and vice versa, while ensuring rigorous empirical testing.
B)Focus solely on theoretical frameworks without practical applications.
C)Use only qualitative data to avoid the complexities of quantitative analysis.
D)Limit the scope to only one type of research to maintain clarity.
8. Imagine you are tasked with teaching a course on research methods. Which approach would
best foster critical thinking among students?
A)Provide a rigid structure that limits student input and creativity in exploring research
topics.
, B)Encourage students to question the validity of research claims and engage in debates
about the implications of different methodologies.
C)Emphasize memorization of research methods without encouraging discussion.
D)Focus exclusively on the historical context of research methods without practical
application.
9. In evaluating the effectiveness of operational definitions in research, which of the following
scenarios best illustrates the importance of clearly defining a variable?
A)A psychologist uses a questionnaire that lacks clarity in its questions.
B)A coach measures athlete performance using a standardized test that quantifies speed
and agility.
C)A researcher uses a vague term like "success" without specifying what it entails.
D)A student assumes that all universities have the same grading scale without verifying.
10. Consider a situation where a university wants to improve its graduation rates. Which
approach would best utilize the concept of rates versus counts to evaluate their success?
A)Comparing the total number of graduates to the total number of enrolled students
over the last decade.
B)Analyzing the percentage of students who graduated within four years compared to
the total number of students who started.
C)Counting the number of students who dropped out each year without considering the
total enrollment.
D)Looking at the number of degrees awarded in various fields without considering the
number of students in those programs.
11. If a researcher is assessing the reliability of a new psychological test, which method would
provide the most comprehensive evaluation of its consistency?
A)Administering the test to a group of participants once and recording their scores.
B)Asking different observers to rate the same test results and checking for agreement.
C)Comparing the test results with another unrelated psychological measure.
D)Giving the same test to the same participants multiple times and calculating the
correlation of their scores.
, 12. Imagine you are tasked with creating a new measurement tool for assessing student
engagement in online learning environments. Which of the following strategies would best
ensure the validity of your tool?
A)Relying on anecdotal evidence from instructors about student engagement levels.
B)Using feedback from a single group of students to design the tool without broader
input.
C)Including a variety of questions that cover different aspects of engagement, such as
participation, interaction, and satisfaction.
D)Focusing solely on the number of hours students spend logged into the platform.
13. In evaluating the four methods of acquiring knowledge proposed by Charles Peirce, which
method would be most effective for a researcher aiming to develop a new scientific theory?
A)Authority, since relying on credible figures ensures the information is accurate.
B)Reasoning, as it combines logic with empirical evidence to form sound conclusions.
C)Science, because it systematically collects and evaluates evidence to test ideas.
D)Tenacity, as it relies on long-held beliefs that provide a stable foundation.
14. Consider a scenario where a psychologist is studying the effects of sleep deprivation on
cognitive performance. Which of the following would be the most critical aspect to ensure
when establishing a causal relationship between sleep deprivation and cognitive performance?
A)Relying on self-reported measures of cognitive performance to gather subjective
experiences.
B)Ensuring that participants have a consistent sleep schedule prior to the study.
C)Collecting data from a wide range of participants to increase variability.
D)Demonstrating that changes in cognitive performance occur after changes in sleep
patterns.
15. When developing a theory based on empirical evidence, which of the following factors
should a researcher prioritize to enhance the robustness of their conclusions?
A)Considering multiple causes and perspectives that may influence the behavior being
studied.
B)Limiting the scope of the research to a single variable for simplicity.
C)Focusing solely on one perspective to avoid confusion in the findings.
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