Lecture notes of Clinical Neuropsychology. Very easy learning due to use of colors and lots of pictures. Very clear and easily readable. Perfect for visual learners. All lectures included.
Introduction & Assessment
Different
types of clients :
Clinical of brain-behavior relationships .
All
ages .
Neuropsychology (the study
>
TBI .
W
~ W
~
substance use disorders .
Understand
functioning ,
Understand impairments Develop better methods for
·
Toxic hazardous exposures radiation .
of the normal brain . from a
damaged brain . assessment and treatment
.
Epilepsy
·
.
>
Intracranial mass lesions brain tumor .
~
CVA .
Neuroanatomy =
Anatomy of brain structures ,
us . Functional neuroanatomy =
Anatomy of functions
mental disorders arteries of
< .
,
etc .
regions .
~
neurodegenerative disorders .
·
Infectious
inflammatory brain disorders .
-
Developmental disorders .
Causes of cognitive impairments :
3
> CVA
<
Open head
injury focal damage =
specific area
>
Virus
W
Brain tumors often occurs
together.
M
·
neurodegenerative disorders
Closed
~
head
injury Diffuse damage =
Spread .
out
Psychiatric
>
disorders
neurotoxicity
<
Neuropsychological Assessment : What is it ? > a performance based method to assess
Cognitive functioning
. Used to examine the consequences of Brain
damage .
- method of the brain by studying behavioral outputs . Brain disease .
a
studying its
=
Why ? Collect differential
diagnostic information . mental illness .
If there is evidence of organic brain
damage <Detect decline >Sometimes indicator of
cognitive pathology .
·
no
only
Assessment of treatment response .
~
prediction of functional potential What nature and extent of impairment ?
. is the
cognitive
·
Prediction of functional What consequences of impairment ?
recovery . are
neuropsychological
·
Determine cognitive strengths and weaknesses to aid rehabilitation .
Conducting a
neuropsychological assessment : Limitations of neuropsychological assessment :
1 Patient history <Earlier examinations , the patient childhood , education , complaints ,
treatments , etc .
-
Impact of mood disorders.
Interview with patient and relatives . Discrepancies between Test Familiarity . limitations of frequently used
2 them
very important tests
-
. .
3
Deciding upon and administering tests . 6
Diagnostic conclusion need to expand the
range of neuropsychological tests .
-
.
behavior
during Referrals and advice . Ecological validity
4
Observing .
assessment 7 environment
.
-
=
Sometimes
.
5 Comparison with norm data · rehabilitation treatment
Language and cultural considerations .
-
.
.
Impact of personal factors
and contextual
may impact brain ,
behavior or test results .
S
Scientist Practitioner : Evidence based practice does not mean that you only apply proven effective treatment
.
Patient population . (A description of the person question is .
about
your
Intervention < The intervention of interest
.
your
Control ) The intervention want to compare to
you
Pyramid of evidence
Outcome &
The main outcome are interested in .
you
> Define your search in literature .
Define search terms and Level of evidence ?
strategies. < in the
pyramid
-
-
Search scientific literature ·
<
Quality of the studies .
Filtered info
case ?
Appraise the literature
you found . How well do
they relate to your specific
-
Formulate an answer to
your question .
-
Scientists and practitioners unfiltered info
work in similar
ways .
, C2 7/2/24
Clinical Neuropsychology & Lifestyle
What lifestyle ? Someone's of of people
is
way living ; the
things that a person or particular group usually do .
~
Relationship between health and lifestyle becomes more important 60 % of factors related to health and QoL are correlated with lifestyle .
Lifestyle factors "Purpose .
"
: > screen time . >
substance use . sleep .
>
Nutrition .
Use of social media . Social
activity Relaxation Physical activity
Spirituality
> ~ > >
. . . .
Popular health
lifestyle campaigns :
Ommetje app , sleep challenge Dry January challenge
, ,
fit op jouw manier .
Lifestyle and Brain health :
Unhealthy lifestyle choices can lead to more white matter
hyper intensities , nonoptimal grey matter volume ,
and imbalanced CSF volume
Physical activity increases
grey matter volume ,
especially in hippocampus Correlated with
memory performance
.
Higher education is associated with more
cognitive reserve . This protects your brain against neurocognitive decline .
·
Dietaryractorsmeatanddairyintakemaylead to oxidative stressimbalance betweenogenand antioxidantswithinthe body,isaris a
Smoking also associated with oxidative stress .
The impact of lifestyle on the onset of neurological conditions :
Psychiatric disorders Neurodegenerative disorders
A lot of comorbid somatic conditions e .
. Obesity
g with psychiatric disorders .
Hearing loss is
potentially the
biggest risk factor of dementia .
lot of side-effects. < less stimuli so faster
Also a
psychiatric medication has Some disorders are Cognitive degeneration .
responsible for of initiative and
a lack
cognitive impairments .
These factors
may lead to a
higher intake of fat+sugar and
a low intake of Fruits +
reg .
Also to substance use and other poor lifestyle
habits
I
.
Increase risk
in
obesity and diabetes
type-11 4x more likely
.
Life expectancy drops with 13-30 .
years
Cognitive impairments may be both cause and effect of poorer lifestyle choices .
Nutrition :
Gut microbiome =
bacteria that reside in
your gut communicate with the
via and of inflammation
brain
cytokines =
proteins involved in immune
system levels
and neurotransmitters .
<
lifestyle choices factors
contribute to
healthy
diverse microbiome .
gut
L
Less microbiomal associated
with psychiatric illness .
Studies :
no
guts ,
no
glory
:
Cross-over dietintervention study in people with Alzheimer's , Schizophrenia ,
Dipolar disorder ,
and Parkinson's .
12-week nutritional
program aimed at inflammation reduction . Intervention studies that have aimed to prevent cognitive impairment or dementia
VRelax : have been
mainly single-domain trials .
In for Psychosis Aerobic increases size of hippocampus and
50 people receiving ambulatory treatment anxiety , depression , or exercise
training improves memory
.
of the Vrelax Evidence from Positive effects of combined
bipolar disorder ,
use was associated with improvements in
anxiety , meta-analyses :
cognitive and physical
sadness ,
and cheerfulness. exercise
training on
Cognitive function in
elderly with mc I or dementia :
side-effect Small effect functions .
·
most common = nausea . medium positive on global cognitive
medium
large positive effect activities of daily living
on
.
-
small medium positive effect on mood .
-
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