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EXAM 1 COGSCI 200 BOLLARD QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS

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EXAM 1 COGSCI 200 BOLLARD QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS three levels of explanation - functional, algorithmic, physical functional level - problem the capacity is supposed to solve algorithmic level - procedures that enable the problem to be solved physical level - the neural/chemical substr...

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EXAM 1 COGSCI 200 BOLLARD
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS


three levels of explanation - ✔✔functional, algorithmic, physical


functional level - ✔✔problem the capacity is supposed to solve


algorithmic level - ✔✔procedures that enable the problem to be solved


physical level - ✔✔the neural/chemical substrates in which the procedures are

implemented


functional level of visual perception - ✔✔the inverse optics problem


algorithmic level of visual perception - ✔✔bayes' rule


functional level of language - ✔✔mapping from sounds to meanings


algorithmic level of language - ✔✔phrase structure trees


tacit knowledge - ✔✔things you "know" but cannot readily articulate


unconscious processing - ✔✔things your mind does without your awareness


modularity - ✔✔functional specialization within the mind/brain




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1

,innateness - ✔✔generally speaking, knowledge that is natural or inborn; however, there

is no exact consensus of how it is defined


rationality - ✔✔logic and reasoning, doing the right thing


heuristics and biases program - ✔✔holds that people are pretty bad at logical reasoning,

probability, and statistics; we make judgements using simplifying heuristics


heuristic - ✔✔a shortcut thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and

solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms


neuroeconomics program - ✔✔holds that the brain is outfitted with sophisticated

mechanisms for rapidly and accurately doing logical reasoning, probability, and

statistics


dual process models - ✔✔models of behavior that account for both implicit: fast,

automatic, effortless, and explicit: slow, controlled, effortful, processes


trolley problem - ✔✔a moral dilemma used to study moral decision making; involves a

speeding train headed towards five people that are on the track, and you have the

option of diverting the train to another track which only has one person on it; however,

then you are responsible


inverse optics problem - ✔✔P(H|data); for any 2D image, there's an infinite number of

3D worlds consistent with that image; highly underdetermined inference problem




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2

, inner picture theory of perception - ✔✔false theory suggesting that perception works

like a camera—what we end up with is a picture that is a straight up representation of

what is out there in the world; primary issue is that it fails to account for who is doing

the perceiving, and would end up in an infinite loop of perceivers within each others'

minds


functions - ✔✔mappings from inputs to outputs


well-specified functional problem - ✔✔one-to-one mapping from input to output;

problem is easy to solve


not well-specified functional problem - ✔✔one-to-many mapping from input to output;

problem is very difficult to solve


perception - ✔✔the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information,

enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events;


a multi-step, inferential process, and a function going from 2d retinal input to a 3d

representation of a scene


probabilistic inference - ✔✔the computation of posterior probabilities for hypothesis

given observed data; thoughtless process that shows how many ordinary inferences

involve hidden assumptions




Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3

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