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Practice exam - toxicology and development

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Practice Exam with multiple questions + answers for the subject toxicology and development from the minor biomedical topics and health care.

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  • 29 januari 2025
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Practice examen toxicology and development
College 1 - Toxicology Part 1

1.​ Who is considered the founder of modern toxicology?​
A) Hippocrates​
B) Paracelsus​
C) Mathieu Orfila​
D) Percival Pott

2.​ What major discovery did Percival Pott make in toxicology?​
A) Systematic animal testing​
B) The dose-response principle​
C) Mercury poisoning​
D) Connection between soot exposure and cancer

3.​ What chemical caused the Minamata Disease?​
A) Mercury​
B) DDT​
C) Thalidomide​
D) Dioxin

4.​ What does the kinetics phase in toxicology describe?​
A) The cellular damage caused by a toxin​
B) How toxicants interact with specific target organs​
C) How the body processes the compound​
D) What the compound does to the body

5.​ Which of the following is not a part of ADME?​
A) Inflammation​
B) Distribution​
C) Absorption​
D) Excretion

6.​ What is the primary organ responsible for biotransformation of toxicants?​
A) Brain​
B) Liver​
C) Lungs​
D) Kidneys

7.​ Which substance can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?​
A) Large hydrophilic molecules​
B) Proteins​
C) Heavy metals​
D) Caffeine

8.​ What is the main function of the placenta in toxicology?​
A) Acts as a partial barrier to harmful substances​

, B) Completely prevents all toxins from reaching the fetus​
C) Detoxifies chemicals before they reach the mother’s bloodstream​
D) Serves as an excretion organ for the fetus

9.​ Which organ is the most common target of neurotoxicity?​
A) Kidneys​
B) Liver​
C) Lungs​
D) Central nervous system (CNS)

10.​What is systemic toxicity?​
A) Toxicity that occurs in one specific organ​
B) Toxic effects that impact the entire body or a distant area​
C) Toxicity localized at the site of contact​
D) Toxicity caused by dermal exposure only


College 2 - Toxicology Part 2

1.​ What is the Paracelsus principle in toxicology?​
A) "Poisons are only harmful if ingested orally."​
B) "All substances are therapeutic if properly used."​
C) "The proper dose separates a poison from a remedy."​
D) "No chemical can ever be safe, regardless of dose."

2.​ Which of the following is the correct definition of LC50?​
A) The concentration at which 50% of the organism’s body weight is affected.​
B) The dose of a chemical that causes 50% toxicity in the liver.​
C) The maximum tolerable concentration without any effect.​
D) The concentration of a chemical that causes 50% mortality in a test organism.

3.​ What does a steep slope in a dose-response curve indicate?​
A) The chemical has a narrow range between therapeutic and toxic doses.​
B) The chemical has no observable effect at low doses.​
C) The chemical has low potency.​
D) The chemical has high variability in response.

4.​ Which of the following statements about EC50 is correct?​
A) It is always lower than NOEC.​
B) It represents the dose required to kill 50% of a test population.​
C) It represents the lowest observed concentration causing an effect.​
D) It is the concentration that causes 50% of the maximum effect.

5.​ What is the therapeutic index (TI) and how is it calculated?​
A) The potency of a chemical, calculated as EC50/ED50.​
B) The safety margin of a drug, calculated as LD50/ED50.​
C) The safety of a chemical, calculated as ED50/LD50.​
D) The risk of toxicity, calculated as NOEC/LOEC.

, 6.​ Why are negative controls important in toxicity tests?​
A) They ensure that observed effects are due to the test substance and not external
factors.​
B) They confirm the chemical is safe at all concentrations.​
C) They help test for maximum toxicity.​
D) They provide information about the solvent’s toxicity.

7.​ Which of the following is NOT a typical general endpoint in toxicity testing?​
A) Gene expression​
B) Growth/metabolism​
C) Survival​
D) Reproduction

8.​ What is the primary purpose of biotransformation in toxicology?​
A) To protect the BBB from damage​
B) To eliminate harmful compounds from the body​
C) To activate toxic chemicals​
D) To distribute toxicants to target organs

9.​ What is relative potency (REP)?​
A) Measures the safety of a drug by comparing LD50 and ED50.​
B) REP compares the toxicity of different chemicals using their EC50 values.​
C) REP only applies to chemicals with parallel dose-response curves.​
D) Both B and C.

10.​Which of these is a valid criticism of NOEC?​
A) It depends on the number of replicates and statistical power.​
B) It does not account for dose-response relationships.​
C) It does not have confidence intervals.​
D) All of the above.


College 3 - Modeling Human Organs In Vitro
1.​ What are the two main cell lines formed in the placenta during embryogenesis?​
A) Cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts​
B) Endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblasts​
C) Cytotrophoblasts and choriocarcinoma cells​
D) HUVEC cells and BeWo b30 cells

2.​ What is the BeWo b30 cell line primarily used for?​
A) Modelling transport in the placenta​
B) Studying CSF production in the choroid plexus​
C) Testing blood-brain barrier integrity​
D) Measuring immune responses in pregnancy

3.​ What does TEER measure in cell monolayers?​
A) ATP production in cells​

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