Samenvatting
Samenvatting Hoorcollege teksten Nieuwste Geschiedenis
- Instelling
- Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
Worddocument met alle tekst en enkele aantekeningen van alle hoorcolleges van het vak Nieuwste Geschiedenis.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 3 van de 20 pagina's
Voorbeeld 3 van de 20 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Nieuwste GeschiedenisAantekeningen hoorcolleges
Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 1 - The Challenge of Nationalism................................................................................................. 1
Hoorcollege 2 – Class society, civil society...................................................................................................... 2
Hoorcollege 3 – Revolution and Reform......................................................................................................... 3
Hoorcollege 4 – Empires and colonies............................................................................................................ 4
Hoorcollege 5 – Monarchical states and principal states.................................................................................5
Hoorcollege 6 – The first World War............................................................................................................... 6
Hoorcollege 7 – Na de catastrofe: vernieuwing en crisis onder de schaduw van W.O. I...................................7
Hoorcollege 8 – De jaren dertig...................................................................................................................... 8
Hoorcollege 9 - De Tweede Wereldoorlog en de Holocaust...........................................................................12
Hoorcollege 11 - Welvaart, democratisering en culturele transformaties na 1945.........................................17
Hoorcollege 12 – Eenheid en verdeeldheid................................................................................................... 19
Hoorcollege 1 - The Challenge of Nationalism
Historiographical approaches to the nineteenth century:
- Liberal, nationalist, socialist, conservative historians agree that the period was
‘modern’.
- Attempt to historicize thinking behind modernity (Reinhart Koselleck).
- ‘Persistence of the Olde Regime’, influence of monarchy, nobility, church (Arno
Mayer).
- Critique of modernity as disciplinary and homogenizing.
The challenge of nationalism
- How did nationalism, from a structurally weak position, become a success?
- Why did nationalism appeal to so many people? What made it special?
- Under which condition did nationalist movements achieve nation states?
- Why did nationalism radicalize, including in firmly established nation states?
Explaining nationalism’s plausibility
- ‘Imagined community’, ‘invented traditions’; powerful stories of sacrifice,
achievement, glory that brought citizens together.
- Emotional, religious, backward-looking and rational, practical, forward-looking.
- Attractive to growing middle-class of teachers, academics, journalists, also of lawyers,
engineers, businessmen.
,Italian unification, 1859-1870
- Movement (Risorgimento), in junction with leadership by Piedmont-Sardinia (Camillo
di Cavour) and support by Napoleon III’s France.
- In 1848/49 this failed, but military victory against Hapsburg Empire (1859) and
successful uprising against Kingdom of Two Sicily’s (1860).
- Italian kingdom waged a further war against Hapbsburg Empire, adding Venice (1866)
and conquered the Papal State (1870).
German unification, 1864-1871
- Movement, at odds with Prussia but eventually collaborating with chancellor Otto
von Bismarck.
- Victory of Prussia and Austria against Denmark added territories (1864).
- Prussia won war against Austria (1866), leading to annexations and North-German
Federation.
- Victory against France (1870/71) brought in southern German states and led up to
German Empire, at first a federation of monarchies.
From nationalisms to nation-states
- Nationalisms led to uprisings (Poland in 1830 and 1863, Ireland 1867) and
contributed to revolutions (1848/49).
- But backing by monarchical states needed either from outside (France for Italy,
several for Greece) or inside (Prussia, Piedmont-Sardinia).
- New nation-states represented compromises between conservatives and liberals
(Germany) or liberals and revolutionaries (Italy).
Consequences of nationalism within nation-states
- Strong pressure never to stand still, to be more nationalist, to strengthen the nation.
- External dimension (assertiveness against competing nationalisms, quest for imperial
power).
- Domestic dimension (quest for homogeneity, against socialist internationalism and
minorities, especially Jews).
Hoorcollege 2 – Class society, civil society
Key questions
- How did Marx understand class society, and Tocqueville civil society?
- Was Marx ‘right’ about industrialization, the bourgeoisie and the working class?
- Was Tocqueville ‘right’ about associational life and civic activism?
- How were civil society and class society related?
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
- Radical writer.
- Émigré in Paris, Bruxelles and London.
- Critic of class society and the bourgeoisie.
, - Prophet of communism.
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)
- French nobleman and liberal-conservative politician.
- Historian of growing state power since the Anciént Regime.
- Observer of democratic life in the United States.
Marx’s diagnosis of his society in the light of recent historiography
- Industrialization stunning, but more gradual and uneven then Marx suggested.
- Bourgeoisie: growing in importance, demarcated from workers, but more diverse and
more culturally defined.
- Working class: was socially and politically diverse and did not become poorer across
the board, ‘white-collar workers’ emerged.
Civil society in the nineteenth century
- Associations for culture, leisure, politics, more important across Europe then
Tocqueville’s fixation on the United States suggests.
- Dominated by middle-class men, who kept others out of associations and decisions.
- But workers, women, Catholics also formed associations – civil society hence divided
along class, gender, religious and national lines.
Class society and civil society
- Both provide crucial and important perspectives on nineteenth century society,
explain its divisions and dynamics.
- Both were related, as class (and religious/gender) differences marked associational
life.
- Nationalism was part of class and civil society but also undermined both.
Hoorcollege 3 – Revolution and Reform
Key questions
- Why were there revolutionary waves c. 1820, 1830 and 1848/49 – but not after
1850?
- How did socialists and anarchists react to revolutionary weakness after 1850?
- Why were ‘reforms’ so important throughout the 19th century? What were objectives
and methods of reform?
Southern European Revolution(s) of 1820-1823s
- Spain: military mutiny led to adoption of a liberal constitution.
- Revolution spread to Portugal, Kingdom of Two Sicily’s and Piedmont-Sardinia.
- Reception in other countries such as France and Germany.
- Crackdown by Habsburg Empire in Italy and by France in Spain.
Revolution of 1830
- France: Charles X’s reactionary politics plus economic downturn led to unrest.
- Collaboration between liberals and radicals political critique, lower-class protest,
street battles.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper LauraSaskia. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 66579 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen