Exam questions and the answers, to practice this course. Content was used for the course: The Social Structure of Western Societies, from the Master Sociology at the Tilburg University.
Question 1A
How do you measure inter-generational social mobility?
In order to measure inter-generational social mobility I need to look inside families.
And look how the social class is different between fathers and son.
You need to compare different generations within a family.
Question 1B
Do you think the level of social mobility is today higher, the same or lower than 1900.
Because of modernization things are becoming more and more specialized. You need higher
level skills to do a certain job. These jobs are well payed and because there is a high demand
for these high payed jobs there is a high social mobility. Because education is so important to
learn these higher level skills, people are following more higher education.
Because of globalization, also the higher educated and people with a higher income have
more insecurity. This is because people are getting more rivalry from people within other
countries and therefor they experience more job insecurity.
Question 2A
What does standardization means?
For example for education: education meets the same standards all over the country. The
quality of the education is the same. This is measurable by doing exit exams. It doesn’t implie
that the content of the education is the same.
Question 2B
If you have a high level of standardization, would this increase or decrease inequality of
educational oppurtinities?
Standardization is about the quality of education. It actually can be both.
It could increase the inequality of educational opportunities, because if you have the same
standards; you know very well what are good schools an bad schools, because you can
measure this. For example: if you have exit exams, you can measure the amount of people
that pass an exit exam for a school. All schools in the Netherlands do this and they say: well
we have 99% of our students graduating from our school, we’re really good, we’re really nice.
Parents look at these numbers and they want to send their childeren to these school with high
scores. Parents with a high social economic status, they want to send their kids to the best
schools possible and they really look for these numbers. This would increase inequality.
It could also lead to a decrease because you have a standard to meet. This means that schools
really need to invest in all the students to reach this standard. Otherwise these schools will be
entitled by the government as: ‘not a good school’. This means that they would elocate money
to all classes/students in the school. And because students need to graduate the final exam
test, which is objective, school can see if students are intelligent or not. This standarided exit
exam is then not based on subjective opinions about the students. For example: wheter they
are intelligent or not because of the way they speak with difficult (intelligent) words and
sentences.
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