Samenvatting
Summary PSY4002 Bad Habits tutorial 03
- Instelling
- Maastricht University (UM)
Summary of the third tutorial of the bad habits course
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 13 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 13 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
1 beoordeling
Door: maaikekeijsers • 4 jaar geleden
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Bad Habits 03BICKEL, W. K., JOHNSON, M. W., KOFFARNUS, M. N., MACKILLOP, J., &
MURPHY, J. G. (2014). THE BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS OF SUBSTANCE USE
DISORDERS: REINFORCEMENT PATHOLOGIES AND THEIR REPAIR
Reinforcement pathology;
- Results from the recursive interactions between endogenous (eg.
Physiologically mediated subjective responses to drugs, steep devaluation of
delayed reward (demand+discounting)) & exogenous factors (eg. Drug +
alternative reinforcement price/availability)
- Understanding of reinforcement pathology has been facilitated by behavioural
economics
- Its application to substance disorders began in 1990s with considerable
success in relating the quantity of drug taking behaviour to substance price
Principles of behavioural economics:
Reinforcement pathologies
- Are the result of patterns of choices that have an additive influence on one’s
subsequent options + choices
- There are 2 primary principles of behavioral economics that permit a
characterization of reinforcement pathology: 1. Demand AND 2. Discounting
Demand;
Is the amount of commodity (Ware) purchased at a given price à it is described
as:
-> inelastic: when it is relative insensitive to a price change (eg. Bread you
always need, so you still buy it even though it is more expensive)
→ elastic: when it is relative sensitive to a price change (higher price, less consumption;
luxurious things)
- Elasticity of demand is defined as the proportional change in consumption
relative to the proportional change in price
→ a proportional change of consumption is either less than the corresponding
, proportional change in price (inelastic) OR proportionally greater than the
corresponding change in consumption (elastic)
- Demand can be further investigated by generating a demand curve
→ demand curve shows consumption as a function of price
→ slope: is equivalent to a changing elasticity of demand
→ demand curve analysis shows that the reinforcing efficacy of a commodity (ware) is
inherently dependent on the unit price at which it is assessed & that initial demand for
two products cannot necessarily be used to predict preference at higher prices
- Individual differences in demand for substances may provide clinically relevant
indicators of addiction severity
Unit price:
- Demand analysis quantifies the effect of price on consumption = price can be
a cost-benefit ratio that is also referred to as “unit price”
- Eg. Decreasing the amount of nicotine in a cigarette by half will function the
same as if the price were doubled
Reinforcer interaction:
- Demand for a commodity (ware) is important for the choices drug-dependent
ppl will make to obtain the reinforcer that contributed to their pathology
-Behavioral economics provides an easily operationalized + sophisticated
framework to quantify the degree + type of interaction between different
reinforcers
- Behavioral economics specifies that commodities can interact in one of three
ways that describes a continuum:
a. At one end of the continuum, commodities can function as substitutes, eg. as
price increases for a commodity such as butter + its consumption decreases,
consumption increases for another commodity (the substitute) that has
remained constant in price (e.g., margarine). The slope of increase in
consumption of margarine as a function of the unit price for butter would
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper masterhealthandsocialpsychology. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €2,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 50064 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen