Samenvatting
Summary Module 15: Organization & financing of long-term care
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Summary of the lecture and the corresponding mandatory literature.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 10 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 10 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Lecture 15ALong term care (LTC) is a range of services needed for persons who are dependent on help
with basic ADL, frequently in combination with help with basic medical services.
● Includes informal care, home health care, assisted living facilities, and nursing homes
● Largest share of LTC → eldery care
Major challenges for sustainable LTC:
● Population ageing
● Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases
● Changing preferences & expectations
● Availability of formal & informal care
● Limited productivity growth (Baumol’s cost disease)
● Constrained public resources
We are getting older but is this driving the increasing demand for LTC? This
depends on how you get older → how many disability free live years?
The disability free life expectancy is increasing in some countries.
Factors affecting total future LTC demand:
● Demography → population size, ageing
● Looking at uptake per demographic group, the demand is likely to decrease.
○ Due to a higher level of education and a lower number of disabilities.
● Namely the number of people that are getting older is the problem.
LTC-expenses strongly increase after 80.
Projected growth of age-related spending by 2059 within OECD:
● Spending on old-age pension/early retirement programmes → 40 %
● Health care spending → 50 % at least
● LTC spending → double (200 %) at least
● In the context of constrained public resources this will lead to growing fiscal
pressures to mitigate growth of public LTC expenditure.
Baumal’s cost disease → particularly relevant for LTC:
● Average labor productivity growth in LTC is substantially less than in the entire
economy.
○ The quality is determined by the amount of time a caregiver is investing.
○ Average annual productivity growth in the Netherlands 1972-2010
→ 1.8 % in economy vs 0.2 % in LTC.
● Average wage growth in LTC is similar to average wage growth in the economy.
● LTC is becoming relatively more expensive.
● Demand LTC does not decrease due to a quite inelastic demand (partly as a result of
public LTC insurance or payment)
● Result → an increasing share of GDP spent on LTC
Ageing and LTC is not only a problem of growing expenses → increasing tension
between labor market participation and informal care provision.
, Still informal care is the backbone of LTC provision. But informal care cannot accommodate
the expected increase in demand for LTC. And reliance on informal care has important
drawbacks:
● Lower employment → a 1 % increase in hours of care is associated with a
10 % reduction in employment rate.
● Reduced working hours → especially intensive and co-residential caring
● Forgone tax revenues from reduced labor market participation
● Caregivers have more mental health problems (especially intensive caring)
Lecture 15B
How comprehensive are LTC systems? Three dimensions of universal access to LTC:
1. Who is entitled to publicly financed LTC?
2. What is covered by publicly financed LTC?
3. What share is paid by public financed LTC?
The more comprehensive → the bigger the box.
Large differences in LTC financing and organization:
● Universalistic (Netherlands, Nordic countries)
○ Provision of LTC is public responsibility
○ Public coverage for all
○ Comprehensive benefits
○ Limited cost-sharing (income-related)
○ Emphasis on formal care
● Individualistic/targeted (germany, spain, italy, UK, US)
○ Provision of LTC is private responsibility (family)
○ Public coverage targeted at people with high need & low income/wealth
(means tested)
○ High cost-sharing
○ Emphasis on informal care
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper heplstudent. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €3,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 80796 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen